Reflexive Dialogue and Small Report

Setting of the InterviewI asked one of my friends to visit me in my place of residence to have some cup of coffee. This friend of mine came also from Saudi Arabia, and went to the university to take graduate courses. After having dinner, I asked him if he was willing to share some of his problems with me. And as a compensation for his â€Å"task†, I offered my friend the chance to read my personal narrative. This is one of the course requirements in this subject.My friend told me some of his problems. For one, he was having a little problem learning English. English for him was a very difficult subject; with clear rules on pronunciation and verb usage. He said: â€Å"English has the most number of words in all the written languages of the world; learning such would be a headache.† I agreed to the assertion of my friend. English is really a complicated language.Not only that spelling and verb-subject agreement should be taken into account, but the whole situational use o f, say, an English statement should be clearly presented (to the general audience). He added that he must take the bitter pill of learning English since this is required in the academic world. Communication today in almost any field; in the office, in the academe, took place with the assistance of the English language. The more pressing need to learn English comes from studying abroad. Almost all universities in many Western countries do not use Arabic as a means to transmit academic information. Hence, for him, learning English was an inevitable need. (I did not include his other problems in this report).I then presented my personal narrative to him and asked him to read it. After sometime, my friend finished reading my personal narrative. He was almost speechless upon reading my personal narrative. My personal narrative detailed some of my experiences of culture shock. It was an almost daily account of my activities (although the entries were irregular). Included in my personal na rrative were my experiences upon leaving the Sydney airport to studying in the university (I gave the details of some accounts in the problem-posing vignette section). Included also in the personal narratives were my personal feelings towards the events, the participants, and the general values or beliefs in question.I asked my friend for his personal opinions of, or reactions to my personal narrative. He said that he also experienced events that could be classified as culture shock. Added to that, my friend stated that in the beginning, he was not very sure of the appropriate term for such experiences. Only upon reading my personal narrative did he know that they were part of a phenomenon called culture shock. He said that my personal narrative might give him some advice on how to handle culture shock. Here are some of the excerpts of the dialogue (translated from Arabic). The first part is a discussion of my experiences of culture shock.Friend: So culture shock is the right term f or such things. When I left the airport, I really did notice that people like to walk in the street which is not a common sight in our country. It was embarrassing in the first instance but in due time I found it to be a common practice here.Omeir: I was also embarrassed but when I began to ask my classmates why people usually walk in the streets, I was somehow enlightened. In the case of Australia, for example, walking is simply an expression of either friendship or liberty. It is an expression of friendship when a person walks with another person; an expression of liberty when a person exercises his right to privacy. This was an uncommon sight in our country since most people have cars.Friend: What about that instance when you saw that a female professor taught a predominantly male class? This is impossible in Saudi.Omeir: I found it very interesting, although shocking at first glance. It was not very bad as you have said in our previous conversation. Female students in the univer sity are educated as much as their male counterparts.Friend: It seemed that you are beginning to understand the workings of Australian culture. I also understand some aspects of Australian culture like religion, dance, music, etc. This is part of my role as a graduate student studying abroad. In my opinion, they ought to be learned, not for self’s sake but for the sake of respect.Omeir: That is true. Having a right attitude towards a foreign culture is a must when studying abroad. Understanding the dynamics of an alien culture, though horrifying or embarrassing in many instances, should be viewed with an unbiased eye. This is the primary and first rule of culture respect.Friend: Personally, I am still bothered by cultural practices here in Australia. What is your personal reaction?  Omeir: After some time, through constant communication with the students of the university, I found those practices to be not embarrassing anymore. Although it is far from acceptance, that is, p articipation in the cultural activities itself, it gave me an avenue to view things from the perspective of those who are members of that particular culture. I remembered that in my undergraduate years, there was a term to describe this phenomenon. Well it’s unimportant.The second set of excerpts is about the resolution phase of the problem (how we went about researching and responding to the problem through a thorough self-study). Here are some of the excerpts of the conversation.Omeir: One of my subjects introduced to me a method for assessing my problems, in this case about culture shock. I was really surprised that personal experiences, guided with some research materials can really result to clear grounded knowledge.Friend: How was that so?Omeir: Well, experiences serve as the grounding point of all theoretical problems in a field of subject for example. In my case, when I analyzed many of my experiences, I found out that there are methods or techniques that can be used to reduce it. It was not only first hand knowledge, it was knowledge applied. Academic journals related to my inquiry were very useful.Friend: You mean that those personal experiences were transformed into a problem. And that these problems were put in a table of inquiry. And that based from this inquiry, you were able to learn some methods to reduce that problem (culture shock).Omeir: Precisely, I have learned that constant interaction with other people who came from different cultural settings is a plus in absorbing culture shock. Nonetheless, because interaction is mostly done in conversations, I am forced to learn some of the appropriate gestures and idioms to use. In such way, I am able to communicate and express my concerns to my foreign friends. I also researched some of the strategies for reducing culture shock. I intend to share it with some of my friends who are currently experiencing culture shock.Friend: I have learned many things from this conversation. I will follow yo ur advice with regard to managing culture shocks†¦Reflective Response to the DialogueNote that in the first lines of the script, I established the fact that both my friend and I are located in the same cultural setting (Saudi Arabia). The experience which I described to my friend served as a stimulating factor to enable him to judge the validity of my experience; through his own personal experiences. The next dialogue was about the nature of Australian culture (or culture in general). This dialogue cleared some of the misconceptions of culture. Added to that, it was also implicitly stated that culture shock is a natural response of graduate students working abroad.This usually helps the interviewee erase his earlier conceptions of Australian culture. Exposure and discussion shed light to some of the most puzzling things about Australian culture (it is natural for a foreigner to be puzzled to a foreign culture). The second part of the interview is the resolution phase of the pro blem. Here I shared some of the ways to reduce culture shock (culture shock management). I also introduced problem-posing vignette as a preliminary method in assessing personal experiences which can be theoretically substantial.ConclusionBased from the rigors of personal experiences, I was able to communicate to my friend the basic steps in problem or inquiry formation. Because problems in the academe are usually theoretical in nature (form), there is a tendency for personal experiences to be treated as personal biases. In this task, I was not only able to give some advice on how to manage culture shock (culture shock reduction) – this is a form of help to a friend who really want to reduce the effects of culture shock (as I had indicated in the question of the problem-posing vignette section), I was also able to give my friend a systematic method in analyzing problem-posing vignettes.   Added to that, I was able to learn that problem-posing vignettes can be a useful tool i n transforming personal experiences into theoretically sound propositions.ReferencesBochner, S. (Ed.). 1981.   The mediating person:   Bridges between cultures. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman.Jacobs, Katrina. 2007. Culture Shock (Strategies for Managing Culture Shock). NY: MacMillan Publishing House.Milton, Thomas J. 1997. Understanding Culture Shock. Virginia:   Foreign Area Officer Association.

Brannigan Case Analysis Essay

Division has the largest soup market share in the United States at 39. 8%. They are willing to change and have the capital to do so. Weaknesses: The soup industry as a whole has been on a consistent decline over the last several years. Brannigan’s has wasted money acquiring small businesses that have done little to nothing for profits. They have also been developing different types of soup in which only 1 out of 100 is actually well received by consumers. Opportunities: They have the potential to be the leaders in healthy canned soups that are offered in a variety of trendy flavors. Brannigan Foods is already a well –established brand with many loyal followers who can regain their brand identity through less marketing than a newer or smaller business. Threats: Frozen and deli soup industries are trending and causing the market shares of shelved soups to plummet. Any quick and easy meal option from fast food to macaroni and cheese are threats to this industry and to Brannigan’s The problem presented in this case is that Mr. Bert Clark needs to make a formal budget and action plan for the CEO to address the three year downturn in profitability, market share and sales. Consumers aren’t purchasing as much soup as they have in the past. With so much variety, not only within soups, but among all food options, it’s hard to make consumers choose only your brand every time. Price plays a large role in buyer decisions when it comes to items that they plan to store in their cupboard. If the price isn’t low enough, they can just switch brands or wait until later to purchase their stock items. Brannigan’s has been steadily increasing their price to ebb the effects of the lower sales amounts. Brannigan’s hasn’t done anything to increase the value of their soups in the minds of consumers; they have only raised the price. The true problem is that customers aren’t finding enough value in Brannigan Foods Soups to rationalize spending more on them than they had before. I propose that they have a contest to develop new flavors of soups, with the winner receiving a combination price of money and a year’s supply of Brannigan Foods Soups. Buying up smaller brands of soups doesn’t sound feasible seeing as how it hasn’t worked at any time before for this company. Another option is to seasonalize the soups to allow for new flavor varieties to be introduced in spurts. Heartier (potato, noodle and cream) soups are desired in the winter, where as a gazpacho is in a higher demand in the summer. Allow consumers to take surveys to receive coupons for your products and ask them what they want in a soup. The contest concept can do wonders for creating a buzz about your product and is the best alternative. Even more importantly, you are gaining insight into exactly what the consumers want. This nation has been so overly advertised to that people tend to ignore ads all together. What they don’t ignore is the chance to win something with no risk. Lay’s â€Å"Do Us a Flavor† contest has been a great success over traditional marketing strategies. Why you ask? â€Å"The answer is simple: consumers don’t trust traditional marketing strategies anymore, and businesses are getting creative, using consumer-generated marketing—directly involving the customer in the marketing and development of products—to succeed†.

Families of the Forest

ANTH 418 Final Paper This paper will be discussing the ethnography by Allen Johnson titled Families of the forest. The ethnography describes the Matsigenka people of Shimaa that live in the Peruvian Amazon. The paper will examine the Matsigenka culture, the needs and resources of the culture, and proposed projects to meet the needs of the culture. The Matsigenka of Shimaa live in isolation along river valleys and forested mountains in the Peruvian Amazon (Johnson,1999, p. 24). They live in small villages of about 7 to 25 people, that make up three to five nuclear family households (Johnson, 1999, p 3).The Matsigenka prefer to live in these hamlets and avoid interacting with people outside of their immediate family. The Matsigenka live a family level society and this helps them to avoid being exploited or to encounter enemies (Johnson, 1999, p. 6). Their isolated hamlets are very self-sufficient; â€Å"good land for horticulture is ample, however, and the low population density and w idely scattered small settlements has meant only minimal competition between family groups for what wild foods do exist† (Johnson, 1999, p. 21). They live off of fishing, foraging and horticulture and the most important food to the Matsigenka is insect larvae.This provides them with protein and dietary fats, which they can get year round from moths, butterflies, beetles, bees and wasps (Johnson, 1999, p. 36). The cultural values of the Matsigenka are not to far from that of Western culture. Much of their religious beliefs are stemmed from folklore and spirits which promote proper behaviors within the group. They can be calm, quiet, gentle, but also mean, aggressive, and violent. They might be less sociable in large groups, but â€Å"they are more courteous and thoughtful in individual interactions. They are less attracted to the lure of commerce and new value systems.Their commitment to freedom of the family unit is truly remarkable† (Johnson, 1999, p. 50). The Matsigen ka are a people that are at their happiest when left alone from outsiders and in their isolation. Much of their happiest in isolation stems from the fear of outsiders bringing in infectious diseases, which happened in the 1950s and 1960s when they first encountered Peruvians and Euro-Americans (Johnson, 1999, p. 75). They maintain societal standards for their hamlets that require independence and being able to live peacefully within a group.They do not have or give proper names to one another and when they do name a person it is usually referring to a deformity or amusing incident (Johnson, 1999, p. 20). â€Å"Somehow individual men and women must be highly self-reliant, motivated to do the necessary thing according to their own judgment with little encouragement (or interference) from others, and yet at the same time be generous in the family and avoid the impulsive expressions– especially of sex, aggression and greed– that can shatter even the strongest interpersona l bonds in closely-cooperating family groups† (Johnson, 1999, p. 10). â€Å"Courtship is generally open and a topic of delighted conversation at large. For many couples, courtship is a more or less public expression of mutual interest as they test the possibility of marriage† (Johnson, 1999, p. 120). A married couple within the Matsigenka culture have established roles, they are partners with skills in separate areas of surviving. They seek to marry well and make sure to not marry a lazy person. They think that this will lead to an unequal marriage and the lazy person will always be dissatisfied (Johnson, 1999, p. 121). Matsigenka husbands and wives spend much time together in evident harmony and enjoyment of each other’s company. We frequently find them sitting side by side at home, working quietly at some task, talking and laughing together. At times they become playful and giggle or wrestle erotically† (Johnson, 1999, p. 120). Anger does not play a large role in their marriages, but it does happen occasionally when there are beer feasts and the men become drunk. The men may even beat their wives who in return will runaway to the home of their brother or father.The Matsigenka understand that intercourse between a man and woman is what leads to pregnancy and that the woman always knows who the father of that infant is (Johnson, 1999, p. 78). They do practice abortions and infanticide if the child is not wanted or is believed to not be the husband’s baby. Abortions are used if the mother is a widow or already has enough young children, and it is considered the mother’s choice (Johnson, 1999, p. 82). In early childhood, â€Å"the matsigenka overtly do little to hasten a child’s development. Their style is best described as a gradual raising of expectations.They do not cajole a child to rise up and toddle toward them, but they welcome her when she does† (Johnson, 1999, p. 85). The child learns responsibility from interacting with the mother. The families feel they need to tame the willful child, so that the family can survive and multiply (Johnson, 199, p. 78). â€Å"Matsigenka siblings are close and affectionate. They spend most of their childhood in each other’s company, and interact seldom with other children. This is partly because there may be few other children around, but it is also a reflection of the nuclear-family centeredness of Matsigenka behavior† (Johnson, 1999, p. 14). Some hamlets send their children to school. The school is about an hour walk each way for most children. â€Å"The school acts as both a magnet and a repellent for Matsigenka households. Attraction to the school, for trade goods, medicines, and a general sense of security comes into conflict with many of their most basic preferences about where and how to live best. It is these conflicts that account for the aversion many Matsigenkas have toward school communities† (Johnson, 1999, p. 19 7).When reading the ethnography by Allen Johnson there are a few specific needs that would benefit the Matsigenka people of Shimaa. When assessing the needs of the Matsigenka community it begins with gathering the information from the ethnography and then applying it to the community problems. The first need involves their drinking water and the access to it. The Matsigenka get their water from the river closest to their hamlets but because of their desire for isolation and the danger, they do not live close to the river banks.When they are in a the season of high water or Kimoariniku the trails become become muddy and make it hard to travel. During low season the â€Å"little streams that supply household needs during dry high water dry up, forcing people to lug river water in heavy, sloshing gourds up steep trails to their houses. And dry spells occur of long enough duration that crops in well-drained fields begin to wilt under the intense sun and Matsigenkas anxiously watch the skies for welcome signs of rain† (Johnson, 1999, p. 34). The second need of the Matsigenka people is a latrine.Johnson mentions in his book that a house did have a latrine but most of the people would use strips of land where brush or cane grow to defecate (Johnson, 1999, p. 207). â€Å"These are preferred areas for urination and children’s defecation. Adults are fastidious about defecation, however, and prefer whenever possible to refrain until they are at the edge of an old garden or out foraging in the forest† (Johnson, 1999, p. 207). By having effective latrines they can ensure proper sanitation, the prevention of infectious diseases, and help keep their drinking water safe and clean. The Matsigenka are disgusted by feces (itiga), not only of other people but of any animal. The feces of toddlers, not yet toilet trained, are quickly collected into a leaf and disposed of† (Johnson, 1999, p. 208). The Matsigenka do try to maintain good health but they do n ot have the proper tools and means to make sure they do not develop any infectious diseases. They try to locate their homes in areas where a family is not living upstream from their location, this ensures that the water will not be contaminated by urination or feces. They have standards of cleanliness to which they adhere, and they respond to injury and illness with all the tools at their command. But their technology for dealing with health threats, and particularly with infectious diseases, is of limited effectiveness† (Johnson, 1999, p. 431). Johnson notes that they do not go around with dirt all over them and smelling bad. They usually sit on the dirt floor with a mat, wash themselves daily, wash their garments daily, and wash their hands before preparing food (Johnson, 1999, p. 431).They also make sure that any waste or garbage is thrown away from their homes and in a designated area. â€Å"But efforts at hygiene are in a sense a losing battle in Shimaa. In addition to p arasites, infections pass freely between members of a household or hamlet because of the continual affectionate touching and sharing between them† (Johnson, 1999, p. 434). The third need for the Matsigenka is the prevention of infanticide. â€Å"A small but significant proportion of women, again perhaps one in ten, contemplate killing their infants rather than raise them.Men may have attitudes in the matter, and may promote infanticide if they believe another man is the father, but it is primarily the woman’s decision and her action† (Johnson, 1999, p. 81). Johnson discusses that some women feel the need to kill their infant because they have been unable to stop it from crying after a few days. Not everyone in the hamlet feels that infanticide is right but most do feel that it is the mother’s choice. â€Å"The general belief is that troublesome children should be bathed in hot water, not given up on† (Johnson, 1999, p. 82).There is a need of prevent ion not only with the mother but also with those closest to the mother. Some of the mothers were told by others to kill their babies, either because they needed them to continue working or because a co-wife told them they cannot raise children (Johnson, 1999, p. 82). â€Å"In the difficult choices of abortion and infanticide, the mother has the ultimate say and performs the act, even when her husband or parent tries to influence her decision†(Johnson, 1999, p. 82). The final need involves the Matsigenka’s access to school and their participation in school.Education is important because it helps to increase income and knowledge which makes future generation better able to survive. Many Matsigenka people do not like the school communities because they involve being around people they do not know. â€Å"Although social relations are peaceful and courteous, in private there is a good deal of suspicion and accusation leveled against members of other hamlets† (Johnson , 1999, p. 49). Other Matsigenka school communities besides Shimaa are much more integrated, visit each other more often, and trade goods (Johnson, 1999, p. 49).This is why it would be beneficial for all members of the community to be more open and involved in the school systems. With more students attending the school there is more opportunity to have better teachers and a better education. Discussing the proposed needs of the Matsigenka cannot happen without having a proposed development project to accompany each need. The first need discussed was drinking water and the access to it. To gain better access to drinking water the Matsigenka people need manually drilled wells to help secure their water and make it more accessible. By working with the school ommunities they could work to gain donations and funding through organizations to help manually drill wells for the people. While doing this, information could be explained to the different hamlets on the importance of boiling the water to prevent infectious disease. The second need for the Matsigenka is latrines. This is an important project because it helps to prevent disease and keep people healthy through proper sanitation. Many places that use latrines collect the waste and transport it out to be processed for future use as compost. With Matsigenka’s isolation and lack of roads and transport this makes this process very difficult.The project being proposed is to still use latrines but use biodegradable clay or stones to build it so that when the latrine fills up, it can still be used for farming in the future. Another possibility is to use good bacteria to help compost the human waste faster to help prevent the odor and flies from accumulating. When there is too much smell and flies people will prefer to defecate other places than the latrines. An additional way to cut down on the flies and smell is to install a type of sky light or vent that is at the top of the latrine.By building the latrine it will help sanitation and prevent water from being contaminated. While building the latrines it will be important to inform people in the community of the importance of not to defecating in the surrounding areas that they are living. To help keep infectious disease and bacteria from spreading it will be important to inform the community on the important of washing their hands after use of the latrine. The Matsigenka are already practicing good habits by avoid the areas of used for urination and defecation, so this would help in their transition to using latrines.The third proposed development project involves the prevention of infanticide. The Matsigenka people also practice abortions which are done before a child is born. This will not be a debate regarding whether or not abortion is right or wrong but rather a discussion on preventative measures to protect babies that are already born. Infanticide is usually used as a way to control the population or because of stressful parental situations. The community in Shimaa leaves the decision to the mother on whether or not to kill her infant. This is why it is important to inform the mother on etter ways to soothe a crying infant and ways to handle stresses regarding the infant. A project could be to implement awareness in the schools on how to handle infants and what are the options outside of infanticide for them and their infant. This is not a problem that could be change overnight. It may take many years of education and awareness to see the number of deaths decrease. The last proposed development project is the need for more school communities and access to education. Education is incredibly powerful and when that knowledge is obtained it is something that cannot be taken away.Education for the Matsigenka people can mean opening up their communities to more opportunities to trade and increase their incomes. With more income they can afford to have stronger and more functional housing. More income can also mean better access to medicines and clinics so illnesses can be treated early. â€Å"Attraction to the school, for trade goods, medicines, and a general sense of security, comes into conflict with many of their most basic preferences about where and how to live best. It is these conflicts that account for the aversion many Matsigenkas have toward school communities† (Johnson, 1999, p. 197).The Matsigenka people fear outsiders because of their fear of illness and their history with outsiders bringing influenza to their communities. â€Å"Always a topic of conversation, news of a viral infection in the neighborhood travels quickly. Families scatter to their alternative residences. They will stay away until they believe the danger has passed and the locale is again safe† (Johnson, 1999, p. 198). This will be a hard part of the project to handle but with proper sanitation, clean water, and awareness of proper hygiene their fear of outsiders bringing infection can be lessened. The Matsigenka are unique in their want of isolation.Most communities are looking to make sellable goods or use of their land, so that they can reach more people to have the possibility of more income. With more people coming to the Amazon in search of natural gas and to exploit their resources the Matsigenka people are going to have to become more aware and take more preventative action with the outside world. This means they need more information to protect against infectious diseases and to keep their community in the changing world. References Johnson, A. , (1999). Families of the Forest. Retrieved from http://www. sscnet. ucla. edu/anthro/faculty/johnson/ethnography. html

The Difference between the Third Way and Socialism Essay

The Difference between the Third Way and Socialism - Essay Example It has information about Western Europe and Anglo American world. This can include thoughts from western philosophers like Kant, Marx Hegel,Heder , Hobbes, Rousseau and miller. It has ideas and thoughts about industrial revolution in 19th century .In modern political ideas, new political theories and definitions are explored and explained. Modern political ideas suggest that the glimpse shown by social philosophers are more or less unreal and exaggerated. In order to portray political philosophies more realistically, practical matters must be included in them. If we go little deeper into Modern political ideas we can analyze two concepts namely; Third Way and socialism. It is necessary to understand these two concepts in order to analyze or interpret them. These two ideas are separate still share a common link to each other. According to BBC(1999)â€Å"Put at its most basic the third way is something different and distinct from liberal capitalism with its unswerving belief in the me rits of the free market and democratic socialism with its demand management and obsession with the state†. ... It emphasizes on responsibility, obligation and de-centralizing government while giving less importance to income re- distribution. As per Mercer (2005)â€Å"On the world stage, socialism has reinvented itself successfully and has surfaced in the guise of the vaunted Third Way whose main apparatchiks are the Clintons, the pair from Cool Britannia and the German Chancellor, Gerhard Schroeder†. The third way is a middle path where the government will tread on in order to escape the liberal attitude of socialist principles and capitalism view of industrialists. This is a successful method of governing people as citizens will get ownership to property as well as freedom to act on their own. They can also govern themselves regarding their capabilities, rights, property ownership and responsibilities in society. The ideas and principles of third way is not accurate, hence their specification is difficult. There are arguments that third way politicians speak on a double standards. Th e relation of third way with socialism Socialism has reinvented successfully in the new age and new socialist concepts are bandwagon into third way politics. The concepts of third way politics are adhered by social democrats to formulate third way social democracy. The third way democracy proponents argue that it is not socialism and it is â€Å"competition capitalism†. By accepting capitalism the new right is representing social democrats. There is something called centralized socialism and decentralized socialism. However centralized socialism is traditional and decentralized socialism needs to be taken over by the former. The association of state ownership and social ownership has an automatic association and it is followed by traditional

Telecommuting at IBM Indiana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Telecommuting at IBM Indiana - Essay Example It was in the 19702 that the company enjoyed about 70% of the computer market share. The reputation that the company name was tagged with gave the company trusted reputation. Half of the company’s business volume was spread out worldwide. It was in the mid-1980s, however, that the company started to have problems. The profits of the company had started to plunge down. Analysts concluded that the reasons behind the downfall were not many but were strong enough to shaken an established company. They were: the bureaucratic and slow moving setup of the company, maintenance of old business strategies and reluctance to replace them with newer ones, incorrect assessment of business risks. As said by Ducker (1993), it is a business sin to sacrifice tomorrow’s opportunity on the altar of yesterday. This was precisely the reason why IBM got off-track its road to success. Though IBM did try to cope up with the growing trends of the market by introducing a PC in the market almost o vernight after Apple introduced the first PC in the mid-1970s but they could actually never get out of the MAINFRAME mask that they had put on themselves. Then the time came when IBM was being administered by JOHN AKERS who was a career IBMer in the ear 1985. Since the downfall of the company had already begun several steps were being taken by the administered in order to downsize the company. A summary of the downsizing of the company can be viewed in the attached table. Table 1: The IBM Timeline from 1970 to 1994. YEARS PROGRESS AT IBM. 1970s IBM owns about 70% of the computer market share. 1980s IBM continues to grow but at a slower rate. 1985 Profit margins begin to slip. 1985 – 1993 Downsizing resulted in employee number moving from 405,000 to 300,000. 1987 – 1992 Stocks dropped from $176 to $ 49. 1991-1992 Unprecedented losses. 1994 Employee number decreases to 225,000. The administered however resigned in the year when despite all his efforts the company continu ed to lose stocks and suffered major losses in year 1992.Louis V. Gerstner then replaced the former head of the company. Further downsizing of employees was then consented upon by the management of the company. THE PROPOSAL The establishment of the company’s office in the state of Indiana was an evident example of the problem the company was facing overall. The Indiana office reduced its number of employees to about 30% in the year 1992. The General Manager Operation s for the State of Indiana was foreseeing another cut in the number of employees. This step was extremely unaffordable as any further cut in the number of employees could have resulted in the deletion of key essential employees of the company that were required to run it. This could have put the company into further trouble. An alternative idea was proposed by the then operations manager of IBM Indiana Office in the year 1993. He proposed that instead of reducing the number of personnel working at the organizatio n furthermore the employees should be equipped with technological devices to assist them. This would in turn enable the employees to be able to work from home. The terminology commonly coined for such a task is Telecommuting. TELECOMMUTING While all the other offices of the IBM were trying their hands at downsizing the people at Indiana were eager to try something new. The first person to take up this change was none other than the executive Vice President of the Indiana Operations himself. It was decided that employees who spent more than half of their

Hero's Journey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Hero's Journey - Essay Example Pericles and Alexander the Great are two historical figures that are exemplary of the culture from which they came. Pericles was an influential statesman, speaker, and general during the Persian and Peloponnesian war. Much of the reputation of Athens for being a place of learning and culture came from Pericles’ promotion of the arts and literature. Though he did not record his speeches himself, the Greek historian Thucydides recreated many of them in his works. In Pericles’ funeral oration, he uses the occasion to not only praise those that died in the war, but to â€Å"celebrate Athens and its democratic ideas† (Western 865). He was such a prominent figure that this time period was referred to as the â€Å"Age of Pericles.† Being the prominent figure that he was, his main interest was in promoting the society of the Greeks: â€Å"Our constitution does not copy the laws of neighboring states; we are rather a pattern to others than imitators ourselves. Its administration favours the many instead of the few; this is why it is called democracy† (867). As we can see, Pericles takes pride in his country and the ideals which he believes in and is trying to instill in other people. Alexander the Great was more ambitious than his fellow Greek Pericles. Indeed, he went undefeated in battle and conquered most of the world that was known to the Greeks by the age of thirty-two. Alexander also did not record his own life; once again the fellow Greek Plutarch took that task upon himself. As was often the case in the ancient world, if someone was to accomplish an amazing feat, then it was considered that the gods must be somehow involved and favoring the individual. This idea is present in Plutarch’s history: By this means, as it would seem, it was suggested to Dareius from Heaven that the exploits of the Macedonians would be conspicuous and brilliant,

Communication Opinion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Communication Opinion - Essay Example In healthcare communication, one-to-one communication is crucial because it can have many advantages as well because the message is not misconstrued. However, it can be dangerous as well because body language and facial expressions can be analyzed instantly. Communication in a can team can harness goals because the diversity of opinions that are present. In team work, appraisal and feedback system was another huge theory that was present in both methodologies. It is crucial to understand that giving feedback to employees that feel that they need to benchmark and leverage their standards. Medical professionals must undertake to understand their patients in order to provide best quality care.The provider can encourage to communicate effectively by propagating for face-to-face interaction and encourage strong team skills. Provide must champion to know teams at a personal level. Stronger team skills are necessary for collaboration and building effective team communication. With stronger team skills, one is able to network and meet the array of people that can be very useful in building networks. Additionally, cohesive research suggests that team skills building are extremely important in making decisions and understanding the scope of the problem itself. Successful team building allows personnel to work through a task with trials and tribulations. Additionally, Team effectiveness is based on collaboration and constant team work. Evidence of effectiveness is portrayed by the seamless integration of collaboration.

Information Systems Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Information Systems Theory - Essay Example This system has become the focused area of latest research (Bose and Lou, 2011). The understanding of societal, organizational, and human interaction with technology is good defined through the information system theory (IST) (Rose & Scheepersm, 2001). The basic understanding about information system is described in figure below. Social Theory Information system Information system practices Fig.1 Theme of Information System Theory This report surveyed the main ideas about information system theory (IST). Theory of critical success factor and international information system are elaborated in the second and third sections of this report. The second and third section of the report is also representing the general strengths and weaknesses of Theory of critical success factor and international information system theory (IIS) theory. The Forth section will discuss the ways in which these approaches could be used and evaluated. The Fifth section is about the summary and conclusion. 2. Theo ry of Critical Success Factor 2.1 Main Idea The core success factors according to Wong and Tein about the information system are efficient, effective with a high reliability. For the achievement of success factors key development practices are followed. From available literature list of critical success factors are identified by Wong and Tein, some of them are: the improved information system is required to maintain the change management culture, system integration, software development training and testing, performance monitoring and evaluation, information system management structure. From the study some factors are identified that become the reasons of failure. Some of the factors like risk management and change management are not properly focused. Mismanagement of information system, delay in shipments due to lack of coordination or no proper use of information system. All mentioned factors are critical and need to address seriously, which can bring the organization in a better position. These factors could be converted into critical success factors for organization. The concept of critical theory is about the ethical and moral queries. The work in this area enhances and improves the human condition (Lee and Baskerville, 2003). The contribution of Rockart (1982) in the area of information system theory (IST) is vital for the theory of critical success factors. The information system is all about computer related things, environment and applications. The Computer hardware, software, application area, and communication come under the theory of information system theory (IST). The changes in the field of information system are vital, as information technology is growing day by day and same is adopted in the information system. The progress in the information system is in the form of centralized processing of data and distributed processing of data. In centralized data processing method, all systems are located at same geographical location, while in the case of distributed data processing all systems are dispersed in the different geographical locations. The key areas of activity for information system theory require some critical success factors. These critical success factors may vary from company to company. The nature of organization also provides success factors for it. The set of management tools, techniques, and processing factors for getting the best performance in all

Essay on Declaration of Independence of Thomas Jefferson and Elizabeth

On Declaration of Independence of Thomas Jefferson and Elizabeth Cady Stanton Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions and Stefanie Coontz Too Close for Comfort - Essay Example , was marred by injustices and oppression against different groups who denied equal treatment in matters concerning, taxes, property ownership, and professional development. After Thomas Jefferson wrote the declaration of independence, Americans took over their country form the British and set out to govern themselves with a predefined set of democratic principles as established in the declaration and constitution. Nonetheless, several groups, especially women remained disenfranchised of their rights with the constitution guarantees for â€Å"all men†. Like many works written before it and after it, the declaration was written in masculine pronoun and as such assuming that women cannot be party to the contents, possibly since they are considered subordinate to men. As a reaction to the American treatment of women, Elizabeth Cady Stanton drafted her own version of the declaration of independence. She did this deliberately in the format of Jefferson’s declaration with the intention of attracting the attention of the American public. She was cognizant of the fact that, America’s historical situation had paradigmatically changed and several of the assumptions under which the declaration existed in were not applicable or acceptable to latter day women. This paper examines the two declarations by contrasting and comparing, in order to understand Elizabeth Stanton’s motiva tion for writing and the way it highlighted the inequalities that were tolerated in the declaration of independence. In her declaration, Stanton revisits the landmark lines in the declaration of independence â€Å"we hold that all men are equal† and rewrites the words in to â€Å"we hold that all men and women are equal† (1776). As afore mentioned, the declaration of independence was addressed to the British king who had kept America under his dominance for tens of years, however, the declaration of sentiment was directed to the male oppressors and hence the â€Å"He† used therein is in reference to

Social eek 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social eek 2 - Essay Example This is with regards to distribution of pretax income in the economy. There are a number of advantages and disadvantages linked to greater income equality. Greater income equality helps fight some of the social evils in society including social exclusion and poverty among the poor. Secondly, it leads to improved provision of basic facilities including health education and leads to higher social mobility. On the contrary, improved economic equality leads to lack of motivation by the poor to work hard since income is distributed equally (Desilver, 2013). Secondly, it leads to poor innovation and new skills since the rich contribute towards the payment of taxes that are distributed equally. Greater income equality can be achieved in various ways. First, the cycle of poverty should be broken by increasing low incomes (Ellyat, 2013). Secondly, high incomes should be lowered closer to the average income (Bartels, 2008). Finally, the cycle of privilege that inhibits social mobility and cements inequality should be eliminated. Desilver, D. (2013, December 5). U.S. income inequality, on rise for decades, is now highest since 1928. Retrieved from

Assurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assurance - Essay Example 4- a client representation letter is a written statement from a nonindependent source and therefore cannot be regarded as reliable evidence. For example, if there were a hidden information source that did shown to auditor, then it relay on the Winery at Chateau Americana. 6 - As an audit committee, communication with the board of the directors would make more effective audit reports, and it would lead the audit committee to express an opinion for better future planning. B - There are two pending litigation matters. The first is from a former employee who is seeking damages for injuries sustained while employed by the company. The employee was injured as a result of the company’s negligent maintenance of the workplace safely equipment as required by the Occupational Safety. Also, there is an uncertain loss on contingency liability by $500,000, of which McKenna, Harmon & Jacobs did not give an opinion about the matter. 122 A - Notes regarding subsequent events affecting the current year’s financial statements could be affected by the report in pending litigation, restructuring of long-term debt and updating the new accounting firm Focus on spending money on outside growers because 75% of their usage of grapes is from external sources. As a suggestion, the winery should look for more third parties with higher quality and lower prices to reduce the 75%

Simple Stimulus Learning Essay Example for Free

Simple Stimulus Learning Essay In this paper, this author will analyze forms of simple stimulus learning. He will examine the concept of habituation, analyze factors that affect perceptual learning, and examine the effects of stimulus exposure. He will give some examples of real life situations and the application of simple stimulus in those situations. Definitions and explanations will be discussed and analyzed. According to Terry (2009) â€Å"stimulus learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior, or behavior repertoire which occurs as a result of experience.† Habituation According to Terry (2009), â€Å"Habituation is a simple form of learning. Habituation is the decrease in size or frequency of the orienting reaction to a stimulus that is repeatedly presented.† â€Å"Habituation, a decrement in response to a stimulus that is presented repeatedly without ill effect, can be identified in almost all animals† (Marland, 2009). The concept of habituation is studied through responses to stimuli. Some stimuli could be noises, such as a clap. A clap can be used to see if a person responds to the sound with a blink or some other reaction. A reaction or response could be from some other reason and not learning. The person could have a problem with one or more of his or her senses. This is why repetitive stimulation is used in research of habituation. An example of habituation is a person who lives by an airport. When the person first moves in, he or she probably is annoyed by every plane taking off. After living there for a while, the person does not really hear the planes anymore. He or she has become used to the sounds of planes taking off and landing or flying over head. The longer a person is around a stimulus, such as the planes, the less the stimulus affects him or her. Perpetual Learning According to Terry (2009), perpetual learning is â€Å"exposure to a stimulus leads to learning about that stimulus.† Some factors that affect perpetual learning are presenting contrasting stimuli, attention and feedback, and transfer from easy to difficult stimuli. Because stimuli can be different, presentation of positive and negative instances is important. It will allow the person to decide which stimuli are relevant. With transfer from easy to difficult stimuli, starting with easy stimuli can help in learning more difficult stimuli. An example of this is school subjects. A student does not start off doing calculus. Students start off with numbers, then addition subtraction, multiplication, and division. They progress through math until they learn about letters and numbers in algebra and eventually learn how to do trigonometry and calculus. According to Terry (2009), â€Å"perceptual learning occurs in the absence of experimenter feedback about performance.† The subject does need to pay attention to learn. However, learning can occur without intent. Stimulus Exposure â€Å"Some of the most interesting recent paradigms for exploring learning have exploited the fact that prior exposure to stimuli can affect the rate at which associations between those stimuli are subsequently learned† (Myers, et al, 2000). Stimulus exposure can reveal other behavioral outcomes. Some people can have an increase liking or preference to stimuli. An example of this would be a person who works in a bakery enjoys the smell of cookies baking. The person may visit other bakeries more often than a person who does not like the smell of cookies baking. Another example would be a student likes to read and write. The student will enroll in classes that involve reading and writing. Stimulus exposure can lead to memories involving the stimulus. An example would be a song from a happy event in a person’s life may be heard again and the person will remember that happy event. Stimulus exposure can also have negative effects where the stimulus causes a negative response. Examples of negatives would be phobias, anxiety, or fears. This happens when a person associates a stimulus to a negative or traumatic event. Another form of stimulus exposure is priming facilitation. â€Å"Priming occurs when one presentation of a stimulus facilitates the processing of a closely following repetition of the same or a related stimulus† (Terry, 2009). An example would be multiplication cards. The student is shown multiplication card and is to say the answer. The student knows that 4 times 5 is the same as 5 times 4. The stimulus has been primed and the student can identify the common multiples and answer the cards faster. Application of Simple Stimulus Learning The author works as an automotive technician. He has been doing it for 20 years and it took time to learn the things about fixing automobiles. He started off in trade school and then was hired by an automotive repair shop. He started off doing easy repairs and preventative maintenance on vehicles. As he became more comfortable with the repairs, he was given harder repairs. He progressed from easy to difficult repairs. Now, there is probably not a repair that he has not had to perform in his 20 years of experience. He learned by watching and doing. He also learned by making mistakes. Another example would be a little girl who gets her ears pierced. At first she is playing with the earrings and knows they are there. After a while she gets used to the earrings and forgets that she even has them in. Another example would be a bell that indicates lunch at a workplace. The people learn that the bell indicates that it is lunchtime. When the bell rings people stop working and take their lunch break. People learn in many different ways. Some people may learn by doing something once and other may learn it by doing it repetitively. Other may use perception to learn. They may associate certain stimuli to certain processes. There are times that people learn without the intent to learn. Habituation is simple form of learning. A person is around a stimulus long enough and they get used to that stimulus. Perpetual learning is exposure to a stimulus leads to learning about the stimulus. Some factors that affect perpetual learning are presenting contrasting stimuli, attention and feedback, and transfer from easy to difficult stimuli. Stimulus exposure can reveal other behavioral outcomes. There may be a positive or negative behavior or response to a stimulus. Examples of negatives would be phobias, anxiety, or fears. There are many things that can affect the learning process. Attention to detail and feedback can help a person in the learning process and will also help psychologists to understand learning and behavior better in the future. References Marsland, S. (2009). Using Habituation in Machine Learning. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Volume 92, Pages 260-266 Myers, C., Oliver, L., Warren, S., Gluck, M. (2000). Stimulus Exposure Effects in Human Associative Learning. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, Volume 53B (2), Page 173-187 Terry, W. S. (2009). Learning and memory: Basic principles, processes, and procedures (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson/Allyn Bacon.

Discontinuities using Automatic Flaw Detectors

Discontinuities using Automatic Flaw Detectors EET 333 Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials Lab Report # 3 -Calibration Procedure and Evaluations of Discontinuities using Automatic Flaw Detectors USM 35, USN 58, USN 60 Statement of Objective In the lab manual experiment 5 and experiment 6 were displayed as separate experiments. In experiment 5, the setup of the equipment with programming the device and calibrating the setup for the GE Inspection technologies Portable Ultrasonic Flaw Detectors USM 35X, USN 58L, and USN60. In this experiment all the calibration was using the GE Inspection technologies Portable Ultrasonic Flaw Detector USN 60 The objectives for experiment 5 was to manage the setup of the Ultrasonic Flaw Detector was correct and to manage to calibrate the Ultrasonic Flaw Detector for different probes. The probes are straight beam probe and angle beam probe; these are also methods of calibration. The other two methods of calibration are area amplitude and distance amplitude calibration. In experiment 6, the evaluation of discontinuities using the GE Inspection technologies Portable Ultrasonic Flaw Detectors USM 35X, USN 58L, and USN 60. In this experiment, all data that was collected and saved was using the GE Inspection technologies Portable Ultrasonic Flaw DetectorUSN 60. The objectives for experiment 6 were to seek and find discontinuities in particular steel and aluminum. Steel and aluminum was used in the experiment to find the lengths and configuration of the defect or discontinuities in every piece tested. The two techniques used are the 6 dB drop and weld testing. Theory In experiment 5, the setup of the equipment and calibrating the setup for the GE Inspection technologies Portable Ultrasonic Flaw Detectors. These Detectors each have their own purpose in the field of nondestructive evaluation of materials and produce ultrasonic waves through the probe(s) and display the received signals on the screen on the device. There are many different probes that can be attached to the devices. The model USM 35X is a smaller unit that has a battery for an easier way to use in the field, the USN 58L and USN60 are larger models also the USN 60 is an updated version of the USN 58L. Both the USN 58L and USN60 still have batteries for portability but are mostly used in a stationed area. All of these detectors are capable to be connected to computers and using the program ULTRADOC to save images on the devices. In each experiment, there were many different probes used. These probes and methods were used to produce a refracted shear or longitudinal waves in the specimen. In experiment 5 the probes used were single probe and dual probe for straight beam probe. A single probe has only one element. A duel probe has two elements, each element is angled in a way that when one sends a triangle shaped wave and comes back it can be received by the other element. Before putting the probe directly on the material a gel must be added to make a gapless space and to allow the transmission of the ultrasonic waves to go through to the specimen successfully. When using the angle probe method, the gel must be between the wedge and specimen but also must be between the transducer and the wedge. The angle probe method uses a single probe that is attached to a wedge that has a specific angle and is only used for that material. In experiment 5, there were many types of methods to calibrate the device. The different types were straight beam probe, angle beam probe, area amplitude, and distance amplitude calibrations. In each calibration method a different block was used. In straight beam probe calibrations use a step calibration block and can be made from many different materials, but in this experiment we used steel, aluminum and Plexiglas substances which had 5 steps on each block. The block started at .5 and decreased to .1 in increments of .1.The blocks used to calibrate angle beam probes were the IIW block and the small angle calibration blocks which were both made of steel. These blocks are the reference standards used for steel calibration. The blocks used for area amplitude and distance amplitude calibrations are the ATSM blocks set. The set includes nine blocks of steel with a diameter of 1-15/16th inches and have a 5/64 deep hole that was in the center bottom surface in each block. Other blocks hav e distinct lengths that made different lengths from the top to the hole in the block and other blocks had distinct diameter holes from each other. In experiment 5, using the straight beam probe calibration method first to find the discontinuities in a certain substance. This method was used in experiment 6 when we used the 6 dB drop method to find the magnitude and appearance of the discontinuity in bolts. In experiment 6 an angle beam probe method was used to find defects in given specimens, one of these methods was the weld testing method which found these defects in the welded steel samples given in class. To find the discontinuity or defect in the weld the area amplitude and distance amplitude methods were used to find the specific flaw. These methods can be used to find the defected area in the specimen. Using the equation = 20 we can take the different in the gains and in V1 as 1 then put it in the and V2 part to find the amplitude. Then we can create the graphs, area vs. amplitude and distance vs. amplitude. In experiment 6, the purpose is to be using the methods that were in experiment 5 to calibrate and then to find defects in specimens using the two different techniques. One of the methods was the 6 dB drop method to track and find the appearance of the flaw in the specimen. This is done by when the amplitude is dropped by about half then you found the defect. When using the equation = 20 and put in 2 for the the result will be 6 dB which is where the name for the method came from. The welding method is next, which is to find a defect in a weld and describe the defect by the appearance and location of it. Equipment USM35X, USN 58L, USN 60 GE Inspection technologies Portable Ultrasonic Flaw Detectors 2 Transducers 2.25 MHz 5.0 MHz Angle Wedge 45ÂÂ ° 70ÂÂ ° 3 Step Calibration Blocks Steel Aluminum Plexiglas IIW Calibration Block Miniature Angle-Beam Calibration Block ASTM Calibration Block Set 4 Bolts in Box Couplant 7 Weld Testing Steel Samples Aluminum Plate with Defects Caliper Pencil Computer ULTRADOC Experimental Setup Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figures 1 shows the GE Inspection technologies Portable Ultrasonic Flaw DetectorUSN 60 used within the laboratory. Figure 4 Figure 5 Figures 2,3,4,5,6,7 are figures of all the calibration blocks that were used in the laboratory. Figure 3 shows the miniature angle beam calibration block. Figure 2 shows the IIW calibration block. Figure 4 shows the step calibration block in different material types. Figure 5 shows the ASTM calibration kit. Figure 6 Figure 6 shows the wedges that were used for angle beam calibration and testing. The left block is 45ÂÂ ° and the right block is 70ÂÂ ° Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 7 shows the bolts that were tested in experiment 6 and figure 8 shows the steel weld samples that were also tested in experiment 6. Procedure In experiment 5 the first section was to setup the device. In the lab manual it says to refer to the devices manual but in the class the professor showed how to use the device. In this experiment we used a GE Inspection technology Portable Ultrasonic Flaw Detectors USN 60. To start off is to start to program to device to the correct parameters. The measurements were always in inches and the probe was determined under the PLSRCVR button menu. To set the probe if it is a single probe or dual probe we use the DUAL part on the screen to set dual on or off, in these experiments the dual will be off. The same screen will be a PULSER which should automatically be spike. After it was all completed under that tab, the home button was pressed to go back to the main menu screen. The left dial on the side would change the dB. The right dial would change the number the selector was put on. The range is changed so the pulse we are looking for is on the screen and not off the screen. To make sure y ou are reading the correct pulse you must set the gate over the pulse and the width of the pulse you are trying to read. The pulse should also have about 80 percent of amplitude. After all this setup the device may be begin to start to be calibrated. To begin to calibrate with the straight beam probe for experiment 5, you must determine which material you will be testing and then pick the correct step block that correlates with that material. Determine if you are using a single or dual probe. In this experiment we used a single probe, so the DUAL should be off. If on the top of the home screen a box does not state the SA, then go to the results tab and make sure it is displayed, then hit the home button and press the autocal button. This will display two important windows of REF1 and REF2, these are programmed to which steps you are going to use on the block, and we picked .4 and .2 as the references. The range is set to a length longer than the longer reference point you used to be able to see it on the screen. The frequency on the device should also match the frequency of the probe(s) being used. Put gel on the steps and then place the probe on REF1 which should be the smaller thickness. Press record, make sure your gate is ove r the first pulse for REF1 and press record again, and then move the probe to the second step, move the gate over the pulse and press record again. If it was done correctly the gate over the last pulse recorded should show the numbered thickness on the step. Also on the home screen the velocity and probe delay should be the same as the material that is being tested. If this is correct then the calibration was a success. A picture of the screen was taken for each calibration specimen. The next section of experiment 5 is to use the angle beam probe on the IIW block and miniature angle block by using a 45ÂÂ ° wedge with a 2.25 MHz probe. To set the angle, go to the home screen and then hit the TRIG button, make sure the angle is set to the same angle the wedge you are using. Press the home button again and then go to the results tab and makes sure the boxes on the top of the screen are set up to display SA, PA, DA, A%A. Press the home button again. Press the autocal tab and set the REF1 to 4 and REF2 to 9 to program the device for the IIW block, to program the device for the miniature block then set the REF to 1 and 4. Put gel between the transducer and wedge before putting them together. Put gel on the block and then place the probe at the 0ÂÂ ° that is marked on the block with the line on the wedge. Do the same steps to record the REF as stated before. The velocity of the shear wave that is used in the angle beam probe should be divided by about 2 for th e velocity of the longitudinal wave that is used in the straight beam probe in the same specimen. Pictures are taken with the gate over the 4 and 9 pulse for the IIW and the 1 and 4 pulse for the miniature block. The final part of experiment 5 was to find the area amplitude and the distance amplitude by using the cylinders from the ASTM set. These cylinders have the same height but the diameters of the hole within the cylinders are different. On the cylinders used the diameters were stated, which we used the cylinders that said 3/64, 5/64, and 8/64. In order to make the graph area vs. amplitude, the equation = 20 was used with the found gain. To determine the distance the six cylinders that had the same diameter hole within in it was used but the height of each cylinder was different which were 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2.25, 3.75, and 6.75. In order to make the graph distance vs. amplitude, the equation = 20 was used with the found gain.. In experiment 6, the initial part was to find the depths of four bolts that are hidden from sight in a box with only the head of the bolt shown. In addition on the bolts we had to determine if the bolt had a defect and the location of the defect. To start, the device must be calibrated by using the straight beam probe method. Put the gel on the top of the bolt and use the 5 MHz probe, make sure the device is set on dual probe on for this probe. While scanning the top of the bolt the pulses on the screen should show the bottom of the bolt which will determine how long the bolt is, also before the pulse for the bottom, other pulses will determine if a defect was found and how far it is from the top of the bolt. Each bolt had a picture taken of the devices screen to show the defect. After testing the bolts, the next section was to use the 6 dB drop method as described before to seek and locate the appearance of the defect within the random aluminum specimen given. By calibrating the dev ice using the straight beam method and covering the entire surface of the specimen with gel. The specimen was then examined with a horizontal and vertical motion with the probe to locate the defect. While this was happening another person was watching the screen to make sure a pulse was not missed. The pulse would have two equal pulses when a defect was found, after a defect was found, the end was found on and a pencil mark was placed. Each time we found an edge we placed a pencil mark. After we have decided we have found all the edges we would connect the dots to make the shape. After the shapes were decided upon, the back plate was removed and shown the real shapes of the defects, then comparing the drawn shapes wo the actual shapes. In experiment 6, the welding method was used to examine six welded steel specimens. To begin with start to calibrate the device for the angle beam probe using the procedures as stated before. Following those procedures, apply gel to the surface of the plate being tested and to search for the defect within the welded part of the plate by determining the depth in the specimen compared to the thickness of the specimen. Marking each end of the defect then measuring the length of the defect, then to compare it to the given sheet that will be shown in the appendix, of the defect area. Also stated on the sheet, each length of the defect should be 1 inch in length. DATA Experiment 5 Figure 9 Straight pobe Steel .4 Figure 10 Straight pobe Steel .3 Figure 11 Straight pobe Steel .2 Figure 12 Straight pobe Steel .5 Figure 13 Straight pobe Steel .75 Figure 14 Straight pobe Acrylic .4 Figure 15 Straight pobe Acrylic .5 Figure 16 Straight pobe Acrylic .3 Figure 17 Straight pobe Acrylic .2 Figure 18 Straight pobe Acrylic .75 Figure 19 Straight pobe Al .4 Figure 20 Straight pobe Al .5 Figure 21 Straight pobe Al .3 Figure 22 Straight pobe Al .2 Figure 23 Angle beam , ref 1 Figure 24 Angle beam, ref 2 Figure 25 Miniature Angle Beam, ref 2 Figure 26 Miniature Angle beam, ref 1 Figure 27 Miniature angle beam reverse, ref 1 Figure 28 Miniature angle beam reverse, ref 2 Figure 29 Bolt 1 defect Figure 30 Bolt 1 length Figure 31 Bolt 2 edge Figure 32 Bolt 2 Length Figure 33 Bolt 3 Length Figure 34 Bolt 3 edge Figure 35 Bolt 4 Length Figure 36 Bolt 4 Defect Figure 37 Cylinder 3/64 back wall Figure 38 Cylinder 3/64 diameter of flat bottom Figure 39 Cylinder 5/64 Figure 40 Cylinder 8/64 Figure 41 cylinder height 6 Figure 42 cylinder height 3 Figure 43 cylinder height 1.5 Figure 44 cylinder height .75 Figure 45 cylinder height .5 Figure 46 cylinder height .25 Analysis of Data Part of experiment 5, in straight beam probe calibration, figures 9 through 24 shows pictures of the device screen of a few steps that we used to calibrate the device. For example in steel at .4 the probe delay was .4119us and velocity was .2252 in/us. In figure 14 the Plexiglas was on stop .4 with a velocity of .0873 in/us and the probe delay was .4119 us. In figure 19 it sows the .4 step for aluminum, which shows a velocity of .2458 in/us and probe delay of .4713 us. In figures 13 and 18 show the side of the step block at .75 for another step. In angle beam probe calibration, the figures 23 through 28 show pictures of the screens device for those calibrations. Figure 23 and 24 shows the references of the IIW steel calibration block which had a velocity of .1599 in/us and probe delay of 26.4325 us. This value was supposed to be half of the straight beam calibration but it was close enough. In figures 25 through 28 shows the miniature calibration block and the probe delay was 5.3931 us and the velocity was .1266 in/us. This was also compared to the straight beam probe velocity in steel and should be about half. It was close enough to be counted. Looking at the probe delays, it seemed to be reasonable time for the distance it had to go. In area and distance amplitude calibration the figures 37 through 40 displayed the devices screen of each cylinder tested. Figure 37 shows the back wall of the 3/64 diameter hole which had a 25dB. In figure 38, it shows the 3/64 diameter of flat bottom hole at 53dB. In figure 39, shows the 5/64 diameter of flat bottom hole with a 50 dB. In figure 40, shows the 8/64 diameter flat bottom whole with a 47 dB. Each figure had a probe delay of .4822 us and a velocity of .2331 in/us, which was very close to the velocity reference for steel. Table 1 Diameter Notation Gain (dB) 3/64 V1 53 5/64 V2 50 8/64 V3 47 Graph 1 In table 1 it displays the dB for every diameter. In graph 1 the area vs. amplitude calibration curve is shown. Table 1 and equation = 20 was used to calculate the calibration curve. An example of a calculation is shown below: |V2-V1|=|40 dB 46dB|= 6 dB = 20 V2= 2V In figures 41 through 46, the pictures shown are the different heights of cylinders but the diameter of the hole inside is the exact same. As follows, figure 41 shows 6 cylinder, figure 42 shows 3 cylinder, figure 43 shows 1.5 cylinder, figure 44 shows .75 cylinder, figure 45 shows .5 cylinder and figure 46 shows .25 cylinder. Each figure shows .2312 in/us for velocity and probe delay is 4.8750 us. Notation Height Sound Path Gain (dB) V1 6.75 5.812 100 V2 3.75 2.976 92 V3 2.25 1.480 74 V4 1.5 .740 68 V5 1.25 .491 61 V6 1 .247 53 Table 2 Graph 2 In table 2 it displays the dB and sound paths on the picture taken for each picture of different heights. In graph 2 it displays the distance vs. amplitude calibration curve. The curve was made from the equation = 20 and table 2. If you compare the graph with reference data my graph is not accurate at all. With my data incomplete this is an example of how to calculate the equation: |V3-V1|=|47.1 dB-97.2 dB|= 50.1 dB = 20 V3=319.89V In experiment 6 the bolt defects are shown in figures 29 through 36, which show a picture of the devices screen for the four bolts that were examined. Figures 29 and 30 for bolt 1 shows the length at 2.03in and defect at .608in, figures 31 and 32 shows bolt 2 with length of 3.398in and defect at .473in, figures 33 and 34 shows bolt 3 with length 3.954in and no defect but we took an edge of the bolt to show, figures 35 and 36 for bolt 4 shows length at 4.426in and defect at 3.922in. Figure 47 shows a picture of the bolts. Figure 47 Aluminum Plate defect (6dB drop)- Figure 48 Figure 49 In figures 48 and 49, it displays the aluminum specimen that was tested in experiment 6 using the 6dB technique. Figure 48 shows the sketched markings and figure 49 shows the actual defects. Figure 50 Defect 1 T= 0.375in length of defect= 1.013in Figure 51 Defect 2 T= 0.395in Length of defect= 1.17in Figure 52 Defect 5 T= 0.397in Length of defect= 1.012in Figure 53 Defect 6 T= 0.390 Length of defect= 0.992 Figure 54 Figure 55 Defect 7 T= 0.390 Length of defect= 1.047 Figure 56 Defect 8 T= 0.389in length of defect= 0.915in In figures 50 through 56, shows the pictures for the six weld tests examined for experiment 6. Figure 50 shows defect 1 with thickness of .375 and defect at .035, figure 51 shows defect 2 with thickness of .395 and defect at .241, figure 52 shows defect 5 with thickness of .397in and defect at .201in. Figure 53 and 54 shows defect 6 with thickness of .390 and defects at .121 and .271. Figure 55 shows defect 7 with thickness of .390 and defect at .184. Figure 56 shows defect 8 with thickness at .389 and defect at .186. This data was compared to the sheet in the appendix. Discussion of Results In experiment 5, we learned how to calibrate the three different detector devices using many calibration techniques. One of the methods was straight beam calibration. Following the setup and recording the pictures of the experimental data, we can agree on the calibration was a success. This was agreed by making sure the heights matched the heights of the step block written on the steps. Our heights were very close to the actual height. To make sure this is correct we were also shown a probe delay and velocity. The velocity of steel we got .2252 in/us and the reference velocity was .2300 in/us. The probe delay was .4119 us which was approved by Dr. Genis to be okay. For aluminum the velocity was .2458 in/us and compared to the reference velocity of .2490 in/us, our velocity was very close. The probe delay was .4713 us. For Plexiglas, the velocity was .0873 in/us and compared to the reference velocity .110 in/us was close but still had decent gap. The probe delay was .4119 us. The next part of experiment 5 was angle beam calibration. Following the setup and recording the pictures of the experimental data, we can agree on the calibration was a success. To see if our data matched was to detect the pulses were in the right place. For IIW calibration block, the first pulse seen was close to the 4 mark and the second pulse was also very close to 9 mark. For the miniature calibration block the first pulse was at 1 and the second pulse was at 4. We detected all the pulses were at the correct location on the screen. We were also able to get the velocity of .1599 in/us which are approximately half of the reference velocity for steel. The probe delay is 26.4325 us. In experiment 5, the last part was area amplitude and distance amplitude calibrations. For area amplitude we were able to figure out that we succeeded by the velocity and probe delay. The steel cylinders had a velocity of .2331 in/us, which compared to the steel reference velocity it seems to be very close. The probe delay of .4822 us seemed to match the accepted probe delay. The last part to confirm the data was from graph 1, which shows the area amplitude calibration curve that matched the reference curve that was presented in class. The velocity we obtained was .2312 in/us which was proper. A trend of 7 or 8 in different dB until between two of the cylinders, but at the end it was ok because as long as when the dB was raised the trend line was also being raised. Looking on the graph it seemed that either the graph was wrong or the collected data was wrong. It could be multiple reasons why

Examining The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Software Information Technology Essay

Examining The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Software Information Technology Essay In the past few years,theres been a blossoming of a new style of software methodology,the name is agile methods. Agile methods is under the premise of guaranteed to software development have successfully output of decrease the activities and products as far as possible in the process of developing..Most software development is a chaotic activity, often characterized by the phrase code and fix. Agile methods make the fussy process become easy so that more and more enterprise and people choose to use agile methods. In semester 2 ,we studied the knowledge about DSDM, XP, SSADM, RUP, ETHICS, CCMI . In this essay I explore the reasons for agile methods and I will focus on comparing the strengths and weaknesses of DSDM and XP. Because they are the mainstream agile methods in recent years and respectively introduce their principle, characteristics, applicability and some other aspects about this two methods. 2. Definition Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) was developed by a UK consortium in the UK in the mid-1990s.This view has been supported in the work of Jennifer Stapleton(1997). It is a practitioner-based methodology and this consortium are involved in Rapid Application Development (RAD) development of software systems.DSDM developing very fast, British Xansa company released that DSDM and traditional development methods adopted in productivity comparison from 1994 to 2001. Conclusion is after used DSDM ¼Ã…’the productivity improved 202 per cent.This view has been supported in the work of Alistair Cockblum (2003) . It describes all aspects in rapid development business centered environment. XP(Extreme Programming) is based on the development experience of a single author and is aimed at developers,so it is a practitioner-based method. The first Extreme Programming project was started March 6, 1996. Extreme Programming is one of several popular Agile processes. It has already been proven to be very successful at many companies of all different sizes and industries world wide. ¼Ã‹â€ Don Wells,1999 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° 3.Strengths of DSDM In the objectives aspect. In the eight principles of DSDM,we can find deliver on time , DSDM assumes that 80 per cent of the solution can be developed in 20 per cent of the time that it would take to produce the total solution in order to shorten development times,at the same time to deliver that will have the biggest business benefit first. Stapleton (1997, pp.13) states that a way of developing application systems that truly serve the needs of business .Therefore the first strengths of DSDM is use time as shorten as possible and it will make the biggest business benefit first. It is about truly understanding the needs of the business and delivering solutions that work and delivering them as quickly and as cheaply as possible(Stapleton,1997,pp14),Therefore,we can find use DSDM not only fast,but cheap. Staleton (1997,pp.65) states that DSDM is more than anything about improving communications between all parties involved in the development of a system .Developers will make more communications with who will work with the system and the system must be maintainable after delivery.The other strength is it helps customers know more about the product,and after delivery, developers will maintenance the product. In the domain and target aspects.The strengths of DSDM are most easily applied in system,and it can be used in large project. For techniques.Staleton (1997,pp.14) states that DSDM describes project management, estimate, prototype build,time box method, configuration management, testing , quality assurance, roles and responsibilities (of both users and IT staff) , team structure, tools environments , risk management ,building for maintainability, the relationship between suppliers and buyers .DSDM use timeboxing, so end-user of DSDM can save time and money by becoming members of the Consortium. It can protect delivery stays being the focus and support the main project to realise the development on time and make out with the good quality.It concentration is on the top priorities and all people who relate about the project know how long to expect each other to take. MoSCow is one of the strength in DSDM. Its rules is used for prioritising requirements. It is an acronym that stands for must have, should have, could have ,want, but wont have this time.This order is very important, because they are sorting with the necessary degree. It can help you save much time when you do your project and easy to find what you need to do within the deadline.The next strength is evolutionary prototyping ,it used heavily in DSDM that is controlled using documented evaluation and it helps developers to communicate with business people. In its conditions, users can operate the system more skilled .Workshop is another strength of DSDM, it can make the different people who work with the system to together and discuss what they want to do about the system. Therefore it can make decisions about the system quickly and accurately. In scope aspect. The strengths of DSDM are the development process is very accurate. A given listing does have to be tested in exact order, it reduces the occurrence of mistakes in the development process.Therefore it saves much time for development software. The strengths of output in DSDM are after developers produced a product, a larger number of documents will to explain the product,and there are some models and documents maintenance the product. It is really good for product. And a user manuals and training schemes will be given.It helps customer knows how to use the product and easily use the product . 4.Strengths of XP(Extreme Programming) Beck (2000,pp.150) states that The practices and the principles work together with each other to create a synergy that is greater than the sum of the parts. It using established software development techniques in a small team,it saves more human resource for company. And XP pay more attention to customers requirements and the quality of the products.It reduce the project risk with appropriate practices. The strengths of domain and target in XP are it can solve specific business problem,such as projects has vague requirements. It can develop outsourced software ,in-house development and fix-price contract software development. For techniques, XP use of pair programming ,it improves code quality, programmers to share knowledge more easily and it reduces mistakes in coding process.Use stand up meetings to communicate problems,it solves solutions more quickly,and adjust the teams work direction in short order ,it saves to much time for team,and can make more decision for the project. Designing is used to describe requirements and to create time estimates.It helps developers reduce mistakes and make developers knows what are they need to do and need not to do in development time. Strengths of scope in XP,the planning is to think about what problems will be appear in the development,and how to prevent them happen. It reduces the feasibility of unforeseen circumstances, Teamwork will helps teammates shares their understanding about the project and to find the weak spots of the project. Refactoring give programmers the right to improve their code , it helps the programmer understand the system better and makes the code readability. Maintenance can help the product exert its function better. The outputs are source code and associated unit test. The strengths of XP are unit test can explains code with test cases,make out up to date documentation and it can helps suppose for new programmers. The other strength is developers always work together in a small team, the development team will with good atmosphere. 5.Weaknesses of DSDM The weakness of DSDM is the relatively high barrier to entry. Switching to DSDM is neither cheap nor fast,and requires a significant cultural shift in any organization.(Benjamin,J. 2004) Staleton (1997,pp13) states that A way of developing application systems that truly serve the needs of the business.It have not too much equirements for the quality of the product. It only have interface intensive business systems one application,and just can solve business problems.I think it is so narrow,such as it is not fit for other applications such as engineering, so it difficulties to be used when the target environment is not about business. The teams that in DSDM should decide what methods will be use in work. It lacks in detail for developers. It no more than packaged common sense . The iterative phases in DSDM is more tedious. 6.Weaknesses of XP The weakness of XP is that it only can be used in small group of programmers two to twelve. The objective of XP is too narrow that it does not to analysis the problems that will be happen in the future and it has not any strategic analysis of the need for the system . XP only define a set of techniques but not lifecycle. It relies on pair programming,but many programmers have found this way of working uncomfortable,it makes developers interdependence who work together , it also inhibit their imagination and independent thinking ability,the more important is it will make constant interaction is tiring. XP needs a robust and fast development environment, but many development environments can not achieve that standards, therefore XP can not achieve the best effect for the product. Quick design meeting are too quick,because want to save time,it maybe makes a bad design decisions. Aspect of XP that are difficult to adopt are collaboration with others in the team, and using simple designs. There involve overcoming peoples tendency to avoid collaboration and introduce unnecessary complexity in system structure.(Beck,2000) Any product is negotiable with the customer,so that customer will feel very trouble .XP is too extreme and lacks scalability,it is too informal for many orgnisations. 7.Compare the two methods This two methods of function are very similar. They all for application development,these two methods are all focus on shorten the development time and fast delivery,they all need teamwork and customers involvement in team. There are some difference between DSDM with XP. DSDM is primarily to provide a controlling framework for Rapid Application Development methodology .It is a framework for business centred development and it focuses on delivery of the business solution, rather than just team activity.There are more clear define roles in DSDM. DSDM use timebox and MoSCow to make plan about time.DSDM strongly provide full lifecycle. XP stresses customer satisfaction.It lay stress on teamwork that managers, developers and customers are all equal partners in a collaborative teaming and they will work together to improve the quality about product. It used to develop the system as faster as possible and it should be has a small teams to discuss about the system and makes a good working environment for developers. Its objective is narrow, it only used to solve some problems about the customers business needs of the product and it is not to analysis any problem about next stage. Less clear define roles.XP use iteration planning meeting to plan time.XP lights on project control and not provide lifecycle. 4. Applicable contexts DSDM can be used in that contexts. Projects that is about business.Interactive function embodiment through the user interface, have clear user group,no complicated calculation, if is a large application, the function can be decomposed into smaller parts , time constrained, requirements not too detailed or fixed and requirements can be prioritised. XP can be used in that contexts. Projects that have some specific problems need to solve,projects that are not constrained by an existing computing environment,project with vague requirements and projects with constant changes in requirements. Particularly useful for uncertain projects where change is expected;small group of programmers 2-12; need to have at least one client involved as well as programmers and need to be able to create automated unit and function tests. 5.Conclusion These two methods aim to solve the solutions that delivering good systems in short times.They all have their own advantages and disadvantages,but them still very similar, such as customer involvement ,incremental change, rapid feedback mechanisms,fast delivery, both in a small team ,and so on. Therefore I think if them work together,they should have very good effect. Because they have share the same fundamentals and it will working on combining the relative strengths of DSDM and XP. 6.Evaluation framework DSDM XP 1.Philosophy Paradigm Systematic Scientific Objectives Make the development time as shorten as possible . Helps people who work with the system to know and how to work with the system. Make the biggest benefit for business Make customer satisfaction. To developed the system with a good quality as soon as possible. Domain No complicated calculation in business problems and Interactive function. XP is good at to help team who work in the same group solve some specific business problems. Target It only can solve business problems and it application in interface intensive business systems for all project(small and big) in all organisation(small and big). Embodiment through the user interface. It needs a clear user group. There is a time limit . If it is a large application,it can be decomposed into smaller parts of function component. XP is designed for the project that with vague requirements,are not constrained by an existing computing environment and project with constant changes in requirements. It is fit for projects that can be carried out by two to twelve programmers. The type of development are fix-price contract software development, outsourced software and in-house development. 2. Model Structure Model and Object-oriented Model Spiral Model 3.Techniques and tools Techniques Timeboxing, MoSCoW , Evolutionary prototyping, Workshop . Courage, feedback, simplicity and communication. Planning, User stories. Stand up meetings, Designing,Spike solutions , Refactor when possible, Coding,Pair programming , Integrate often ,Testing and Acceptance tests. Tools Common user interface, Development tools, Requirements management tools , Configuration management tools , Project management tools, Documentation tools , Shared repository and virtual operating environment. Automated unit testing tools must be used in XP testing process, this tools a fundamental requirement for a successful XP. 4. Scope Feasibility study ; Business study ; Function model iteration ; Design and build iteration ; Implementation . Exploration ; Planning ; Iterations to first release ; Maintenance . 5. Outputs The output is a system that have many functions that satisfy user requirements and have some documents to maintenance it and tell user how to use it. The main product is working software of a anticipated quality. Another kind of documents can explain the project and gives more documents and models to help user maintenance the system ,to achieve the effect of improving the quality of the products. The output is source code and associated. In another field, users and developers are all can skilled use the method. The product is working software. 6. Practice DSDM was developed by a UK consortium in the UK in the mid-1990s. This view has been supported in the work of Jennifer Stapleton(2003). It is a practitioner-based methodology and this consortium are involved in Rapid Application Development development of software systems. DSDM can help an orgnisation achieve a good level in the Capability Maturity Model and it can be used in the TickIT. XP project was started March 1996. It is a very popular Agile method.It is very fit for a small group of programmers about two to twelve. 7. Product The product is difference in different phase in DSDM. Pre-project : pre-project report. Feasibility study : feasibility report, outline plan and risk log. Business study : system architecture definition , development plan, prioritised requirements list, risk log. Functional model iteration : functional model and review records, non-functional requirements list, timebox plans, implementation plan, risk log. Design and build iteration : timebox plans , design prototypes and review records, tested system. Implementation : User documentation, delivered system, trained user population, increment review. Post-project : post implementation review report. The relationship between developers and customers that work together for their project . Stories, Running code and Tests. 7.DSDM for Complete Solutions Complete Solutions is a rapid development company,and it focus on sell a complete IT consultancy service for businesses.It has some branches in different cities and different country, with the rapid development, CSs size is constantly be expanded . However at the same time , some problems become more and more obvious, such as lack of communication in the company. Therefore I think the method not only should be suit for CS company, but also can help CS solve some problem and make the company more better.I choose DSDM be used by Complete Solutions. DSDM has eight principles that focus on business need, deliver on time, collaborate, never compromise quality , develop iteratively, build incrementally from firm foundations, communicate continuously and clearly, demonstrate control . CS primary task is to sell a complete IT consultancy service for businesses. DSDM is about truly understanding the needs of the business and delivering solutions that work and delivering them as quickly and as cheaply as possible.(Stapleton,1997,pp14) DSDM has one principle is focus on business need. They need delivery the product to customer on time,and give a right price to customers. It is more important for CS. In DSDM project, it use MoSCoW and timebox for customers requirements. As a result is it can delivery products on-time and on -cost.Therefore DSDM can help CS save more time and reduce development costs. CS needs to software development and it must update they technology in order to sales more products. technology and computing has become an inseparable ingredient in the business world today.(Internet,2006) DSDM is very suitable for the project that main purpose is software development. The one principle of DSDM is develop iteratively, so it can help CS constantly update the software and technology . I think the issue-based task is to make a fully communication in the internal of the company. Because there are poor communication in the internal of CS. Effective communication is essential to the success of any company.(Debbie Tullos,2011) DSDM is more than anything about improving communications between all parties involved in the development of system. (Stapleton,1997,pp.65) In the DSDM, there are two techniques that evolutionary prototyping and workshop, so it will helps communicate continuously and clearly. Use these two techniques can promote the communication between the internal personnel of CS. Moreover, workshop can promote teamwork between internal personnel, It can helps them improve their work efficiency.Therefore it is good for CS. Never compromise quality is one principle of DSDM, we all knows that CS is a business company, so that quality is very important for it. If it can not provide a good quality product, customers will not to buy anything from CS company. Products to enhance the quality of there are more customers will buy products from CS. CS with the high speed development and its size is constantly be expanded.So they will continue to strengthen their infrastructure in order to meet the high speed development requirements. This requirement happen to have the same view with the principle build incrementally from firm foundations which in DSDM. Infrastructure to strengthen makes the company more stable of the development. Through the highly collaborative and open team approach, with a no surprises culture.conflict has been kept to a minimum.(Timothy Fadek,2010) A highly collaborative can make the work team more unity, more powerful and more efficiency. collaborate is one of the principle in DSDM. Therefore, it will makes more unity within the CS company. Conclusion I think DSDM method is really be fit for Complete Solutions than XP .such as in the following aspects that applying,business,techniques, personnel management, communication, teamwork and conflict management.However, DSDM have some weaknesses,such as lacking in detail for developers and no more than packaged common sense.Therefore, if to make DSDM and XP work together,there will have better effect.

The Pearl : Appearances Can Be Deceiving Essay -- essays research pape

John Steinbeck's The Pearl tells the story of Kino, a poor pearl diver who lives in Mexico with his wife, Juana and his baby boy, Coyotito. One day Kino finds a huge pearl worth a great deal of money. Kino dreams of being rich and buying all that he wants after he sells the pearl. The one thing that Kino doesn't realize is that there are many people who will do anything to steal the pearl from him. No one ever suspects the pearl's power todeceive, corrupt, and destroy. Hence, The Pearl depicts the ultimate battle between good and evil. When Kino finds the pearl he is shocked. " It was as large as a seagull's egg. It was the greatest pearl in the world" (Steinbeck 19).Kino and Juana revel in the excitement thatsurrounds Kino's finding the pearl, but their happiness soon turns to distrust. The pearl buyers, whoKino has to sell the pearls to in order to make a profit, try to cheat him. They tell him that the pearl is so big that it has no value. Kino has to hide the pearl, but while he sleeps a thief tries to steal it. The doctor who would not treat Coyotito's scorpion bite when they had no money now comes to them offering the best medical care he can provide.As the story of Kino's situation unfolds, Kino is forced to kill three men, and worst of all, Kino accidentally shoots Coyotito in the head while he is trying to shoot his pursuers. Finally, at Juana's urging, Kino throws the pearl back into the sea. He has made nothing from his fin... The Pearl : Appearances Can Be Deceiving Essay -- essays research pape John Steinbeck's The Pearl tells the story of Kino, a poor pearl diver who lives in Mexico with his wife, Juana and his baby boy, Coyotito. One day Kino finds a huge pearl worth a great deal of money. Kino dreams of being rich and buying all that he wants after he sells the pearl. The one thing that Kino doesn't realize is that there are many people who will do anything to steal the pearl from him. No one ever suspects the pearl's power todeceive, corrupt, and destroy. Hence, The Pearl depicts the ultimate battle between good and evil. When Kino finds the pearl he is shocked. " It was as large as a seagull's egg. It was the greatest pearl in the world" (Steinbeck 19).Kino and Juana revel in the excitement thatsurrounds Kino's finding the pearl, but their happiness soon turns to distrust. The pearl buyers, whoKino has to sell the pearls to in order to make a profit, try to cheat him. They tell him that the pearl is so big that it has no value. Kino has to hide the pearl, but while he sleeps a thief tries to steal it. The doctor who would not treat Coyotito's scorpion bite when they had no money now comes to them offering the best medical care he can provide.As the story of Kino's situation unfolds, Kino is forced to kill three men, and worst of all, Kino accidentally shoots Coyotito in the head while he is trying to shoot his pursuers. Finally, at Juana's urging, Kino throws the pearl back into the sea. He has made nothing from his fin...