Rhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech - 1061 Words

Martin Luther King Jr., an American Baptist minister and a Civil Rights activist, became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the Civil Rights Movement. He is widely known for his speech that took place on 28 August 1963, â€Å"I Have a Dream.† This speech aimed toward the entire nation. King’s main purpose in this speech was to convince his audience to demand racial justice and for them all to stand up together for their rights. In this speech, King uses emotional and logical appeal to gain the audiences support. He applied many rhetorical devices to his speech to connect with the audience’s emotions, and to logically support his arguments. King appealed to his audience’s emotions when he used several rhetorical devices, including†¦show more content†¦Within this quote there are multiple metaphors that help bolden King’s thoughts: â€Å"crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination,† â€Å"island o f poverty,† and â€Å"vast ocean of material prosperity.† These metaphors explain how it still felt nearly impossible to end discrimination, and how Negroes are on their own with no support. The use of the metaphors display a deeper and stronger meaning to the topics that King was passionate about. These rhetorical devices brought to the non-colored portion of the audience’s attention of how difficult the life of a Negro was and that freeing the slaves one hundred years ago was not enough. To portray logical appeal, King used synecdoches and anaphoras in his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech to support his judgments. Aimed toward the blacks, the question â€Å"when will you be satisfied?† drew attention to the racial issues in America. King replies to this question with the anaphora that â€Å"We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality; we can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heav y with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities; we cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro’s basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one; we can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating â€Å"For Whites Only†; we cannot be satisfied asShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech924 Words   |  4 Pagesis his â€Å"I have a dream† speech. The reason â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech made massive impacts, is due to It struck directly into the hearts of Americans both black and white making America realize just what is really going on in this world. King informed people about racial equality and fairness. This speech hit home so well just by the way he structured his speech. You can notice that MLK structures his speech to appeal to the different types of audience, supporting it with the three r hetorical modes;Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech752 Words   |  4 Pages28, 1963 At the Lincoln Commemoration 200,000 individuals accumulated after the Walk on Washington. This is the place Dr. Martin Luther conveyed his discourse I Have a Dream to America. He talked about the treacheries of isolation and separation of African Americans that was occurring in our country. In his first explanation he stated, I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. In this announcement heRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1198 Words   |  5 PagesThe, â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech given by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is arguably the most emotionally moving and persuasive speech of all time. But, to understand the speech one must first understand the context. At this time, the slave era was far gone but, not forgotten. Negro men and women were still experienci ng segregation in the 1960’s. There was negro bathrooms, negro schools, negro water fountains, and even negro restaurants. Martin Luther King Jr. was an influential black man who took on theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1058 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr’s â€Å"I have a Dream† demonstrates the combination of the rhetorical appeals to support his argument for equality and social justice because he draws attention to the past history of America’s Injustice and oppression towards black Americans. One of the explanations that the I Have a Dream address by Martin Luther King Jr. is memorable is that it contains a superb balance of Aristotles 3 rhetorical appeals: attribute, pathos, and logos. Ethos is associate charm to authorityRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech900 Words   |  4 PagesThe speaker of this essay that I will be writing about is Martin Luther King Jr. He was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia at his family house. He was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the Civil Rights Movement. Martin Luther King Jr. was a great American, worked for civil rights in the United States in the 1950s and 60s. He became so popular and well liked that he was hated just as intensely by those who disagreed with theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech865 Words   |  4 Pagesin history. Throughout his speech, King employs many rhetorical devices that further his appeal for civil rights. King establishes his credibility as soon as he steps to the podium. King, an American civil rights activist and leader, was already known by the American people for his leadership througho ut the civil rights movement. His leadership role as a civil rights activist asserts his message as credible and true to the American people. King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech addresses the grueling topicRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech768 Words   |  4 PagesBrandon Lim CU English 9/29/17 P:2 Using a variety of rhetorical devices, Martin Luther King Jr’s purpose of his â€Å"I Have A Dream Speech† takes a huge step for black americans by voicing the opinions of the people in a civil, non violent manner. He’s a role model for future activists to present the point clearly without hostility or anger, but with a firm tone and many of rhetorical devices. Dr. King gives the speech to help his cause of nonviolent activism against segregation and in favor of civilRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech901 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most acknowledged Civil Rights activists in this history of the United States, Martin Luther King, in his empowering speech, â€Å"I Have a Dream,† proposed his desire for racial equality across the globe in a strong-minded manner. King’s purpose for both writing and orally publishing this speech at the March on Washington affair was to motivate his audience into demanding racial justice and an amalgamated society for all people. He acquired a shameful but dedicated tone as he described theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1018 Words   |  5 PagesI Have a Dream by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Cruelty, inequality, death, sorrow, misery. All words to be associated with the hardships Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. passionately describes in his I Have A Dream speech. King, an activist and civil rights leader gave an empowering speech on August 28, 1963 in Washington D.C. Millions of hearts were touched and inspired to fight for their rights(â€Å"American Rhetoric: Martin Luther King Jr.†). This speech is aimed towards every race in a different specificRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1002 Words   |  5 PagesA Dream Come True Picture yourself living in a society where people are judged and hated upon because of the pigment of their skin, terrible right? Enslaved, criticized, and alienated because there were â€Å"different† from everyone else. Even when granted freedom, colored men and women were still treated as if they were peasants to America. Martin Luther King Jr’s speech had the power to motivate this broken society to end their racist ways. After being lied to for many of years about being â€Å"free†,

The World Is Safer And Safer - 1248 Words

The Titanic sank on 14 April 1912, after hitting an iceberg on its maiden voyage for underestimating the tip of the iceberg. Correspondingly, the dangerous undercurrents that flowed beneath the deceptively calm surface of the â€Å"safe† world are always easier to be omitted. It seems like that we are living in a world where prosperity, happiness and wealth. A lot of data, such as GDP and compared graphs, convinced people that the world is safe, whereas obscure the hidden hazards. Selective data may make it look like the world is safer and better, but danger in minority as well as some threats and problems, such as cyber-attacks, drug-resistant germs, food security and climate change, should also be taken into consideration. People who†¦show more content†¦Nonetheless, stuff happens that sometimes confounds even the most imaginative forecasts. The remarkable healing power of antibiotics invites widespread and, however, often inappropriate use. This misuse and overuse of antibiotics leads to antibiotic resistance among bacteria and consequent treatment complications. While endemic diseases like malaria, cholera, plague and the Ebola virus weaken already vulnerable people, drug-resistant germs arises which further undermines the desires, being cured by drugs, of people. Since the above reason, it is clear that unpredicted changes are supposed to be considered to properly weigh the fact. As I have mentioned in initial, the dangerous undercurrents that flowed beneath the deceptively calm surface of the â€Å"safe† world are always easier to be omitted. What will be indicated behind the mass data and graphs which always persuade people to believe the â€Å"safe† world? To explore the potential danger under the tip of the ice berg, four main threats, related to physical safety, biological /nuclear terrorism, food security, environment pollution, and intangible danger, cyber-attacks, should also be paid attention. Food security is definit ely one of the most serious problem. Food is necessary to human beings as water to fish, without which we cannot live even will arouse the scramble for it, not to mention our safe.Show MoreRelatedNuclear Weapons Make The World A Safer Place879 Words   |  4 PagesDebate Leadership Presentation October 21: â€Å"Nuclear weapons make the world a safer place† POSITION: NO In order to determine whether or not nuclear weapons create a safer world, one must consider what it means to be safe. According to Oxford Dictionaries, the word safe is defined as being â€Å"protected from or not exposed to danger or risk, not likely to be harmed or lost.† How can something so powerfully destructive be associated with safety? In addition to this, one may ask - safe for who? NuclearRead MoreShould Students Learn about World Religions in Public Schools?1247 Words   |  5 Pagescredibility; pathos- persuasion Should students learn about world religions in public schools? Introduction Begin creatively! (Start with a question, scenario, quote, statistic/fact, exclamatory statement.) Since 2003, the Modesto City school district in Modesto, Calif., has embarked on a successful experiment in using the public school curriculum to foster respect and tolerance for world religions. Other public schools include cursory asides to world religions in courses such as sociology or EnglishRead MoreThe Comparison Of Titanic And The Victiking Of The Chicago Fire743 Words   |  3 Pages Two major disasters that shocked the world included the sinking of the Titanic and the Chicago Fire which destroyed almost the whole city. The sinking of the Titanic, known as the unsinkable ship, killed more than one thousand five hundred people making this a mind-blowing event when it tragically sunk. (NY Daily News) Another horrific event was the Chicago Fire. The Fire was so devastating that it killed up to three hundred people, destroyed a little over three square miles of Chicago, and leftRead MoreObedience Equipment : Safer Communities996 Words   |  4 PagesObedience equipment: safer communities In today’s world, security is important for many reasons. The security officers of today not only deal with property protection they also deal with protection of people. Most people do not see all the work they do. Safety measures are a huge part of the job; reporting lights out, contacting persons, and blocked fire doors are just a few things these professionals do. There are many dangers in the line of work too. Contacting people that are drunk, fightingRead MoreThe Steam Railway And The Invention Of The Modern Age993 Words   |  4 Pagesrailway system across the United States and the world influenced how we live our lives today. Throughout the industrial revolution the steam railway reduced the time it took for freight to reach its final destination, expanded the reach people could sell products too, provided a safer transport compared to horses, along with countless other things. The steam railway better connected people and helped fuel the second industrial revolution . Without it our world might look a lot different than it does todayRead MoreSafety Measures Should Not Be Mandatory With All Security Personnel990 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s world, security is important for many reasons. The security officers of today not only deal with property protection they also deal with protection of people. Most people do not see all the work they do. Safety measures are a huge part of the job; reporting lights out, contacting persons, and blocked fire doors are just a few things these professionals do. There are many dangers in the line of work too. Contacting people that are drunk, fighting, or vandalizing property can lead to theRead MoreWhat Can We Do About It?1467 Words   |  6 Pagesto thinking they aren t good enough, women would most likely be taken away and are more likely to be tortured or raped. Women aren t meant for fighting, men are. If we enable the women from engaging in combat, we would have a safer country, and a happier life . I will be researching the following questions; What can we do about it? If we did this how would it affect us? Why don t we do this? Would/Are Women Treated Equally While in Combat? Background Information Women did engage in combat in WW2Read MoreThe Waste Of The Plastic Water Bottle1509 Words   |  7 Pagesstrong and effective marketing behind these products, often with the aim of convincing consumers that bottled water is safer and healthier than the tap water alternative. Research has shown that in most first world countries, tap water is tested daily and is definitely safe for human consumption. Results show supplies sourced from municipal water points are more likely to be safer, given tighter regulations. This is contrasted with bottled water companies, where the quality and safety of their waterRead MoreProtect the Peace in Somalia Essay911 Words   |  4 Pagesmake international commerce safer and promote world peace. Somali piracy is violent, brutal and deadly, and many Americans are surprised to hear that it is still a problem today, â€Å"Piracy has been around for many years but it hadn’t been prevalent in Somalia until around the 1980’s† (Dryad). The numbers support this statement, â€Å"In 2013 there were 264 pirate attacks which is less than past years, but still too high to the point where it is still considered a big world issue† (Pottengal). ClearlyRead MoreSelf Driving Cars Essay894 Words   |  4 Pagesthat will cause change and prosperity in safe traveling and traffic flow. Driving will become safer with fewer mistakes made, reduce in traffic jams, and also these computer-operated automobiles will eliminate incidents involving alcohol and fatigue. Although self-driving cars have not been manufactured and put out into society on a large scale, they have already been appearing to be statistically safer than human drivers. For reference Wikipedia.com has collected information that stats say that

Windshield Survey - 2221 Words

Windshield Survey Michelle Smith University of Phoenix Healthy Communities: Theory and Practice NUR/405 Robert Roth April 23, 2012 Windshield Survey A Windshield Survey was completed for the city of Sandy Lake, a town in Northwestern PA with a population of approximately 13,000 people (Quick Facts Census website, 2012). The purpose of the survey is to identify Meadville’s community health needs. In addition to performing the survey, research was performed online to obtain supplemental demographic data. The research resulted in the following information about Meadville: * The ancestral lineage of the city is the Pennsylvania Dutch, who was descendants of Germany (City of Sandy Lake website, 2012). * The average†¦show more content†¦Interstate 79 on the south end of town. The boundaries of the inner city area that were surveyed vary. On the north end of the city, the boundary is economical with more expensive housing noted while exiting the inner city area. The west side of the city has a highway that separates the inner city residential area from an industrial park. The east side of the city becomes more rural whi le driving further out of the city. A business district that appears more modern is the boundary for the south side of the town. | Commons | Children and youth primarily play in the recreational park, whereas adults tend to spend time in the park with the gazebo and benches. Although children from a nearby day care center can be seen walking in line through the gazebo park. A bar/restaurant on the main street is a busy establishment for adults. A 24 –hour convenient store is a popular hangout for teenagers who stand outside smoking cigarettes and socializing. A school on the east edge of town has school-aged children practicing on the fields. | Transportation | Multiple means of transportation are noted. Most people drive cars to work in the city because the housing becomes more rural and dispersed outside the city limits. Two people are noted to be riding pedal bikes through town. People who live within the city can also walk or take the public bus. The municipality owns t he buses andShow MoreRelatedA Survey On Windshield Surveys1185 Words   |  5 Pages Windshield survey Boundaries The boundaries of the windshield surveys consisted of the north to south areas located between The Gateway Park and 16th street, and west to east areas between 4th avenue and Arizona. This location is often referred to as â€Å"Historic Yuma† or â€Å"Old Yuma† and contains many historical buildings. Housing and Zoning The buildings found in this area range from historical buildings built in the 1900’s to newer homes and commercial buildings. Houses are generally older withRead MoreA Survey Of The Windshield Survey1302 Words   |  6 PagesWindshield Survey: Valdosta, Georgia Community health nurses have the responsibility of assessing the community he or she will be working in to provide the best care to the residents in the community and to gather this data the community health nurse completes a windshield survey (Nies McEwen, 2015). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the findings from the windshield survey completed in Valdosta, Georgia. Direct Data While examining the community of Valdosta, Georgia there were some commonRead MoreWindshield Survey1376 Words   |  6 PagesPopulations: Milestone1: Community Windshield Survey Form Directions: Please refer to the Milestone 1: Community Windshield Survey Guidelines and grading rubric found in Doc Sharing for specific instructions in order to complete the information below. This assignment is worth 150 points. Type your name above and your answers below directly on this form. Click Save as and save the file with the assignment name and your last name (e.g., â€Å"NR443 Windshield Survey Form_Smith†). When you are finishedRead MoreWindshield Survey1070 Words   |  5 PagesWindshield Survey NUR/405 December 3, 2012 Pamela Smith Abstract Windshield Survey A community is a group of people who live in the same area, interact with each other, and share certain norms and values. A community is defined as a locality-based entity, composed of systems of formal organizations reflecting societal institutions, informal groups, and aggregates that are interdependent and whose function or expressed intent is to meet a wide variety of collective needs (Stanhope amp;Read MoreWindshield Survey1449 Words   |  6 PagesA windshield survey is an assessment and evaluation of a community performed by traveling throughout the community in a car or public transportation to make observations about a community. The data gathered will help identify health care strengths and weaknesses in the specified community. A community is a social group established by geographic boundaries or common values and interests. Its members know and interact with one another and function in a particular social structure and exhibit andRead MoreWindshield Survey1420 Words   |  6 PagesThe place is chose to conduct my Windshield Survey was, Sunnyvale, Texas, where I resided for the past 7 years. Windshield survey is conducted to observe the health of the community and its members. The factors affecting health is collected and community health nurses intervene to create a difference either to the entire community or its members. Community assessment helps identify community needs, clarify problems, and identify strengths and resources 351. Even though I lived and worked in thisRead MoreEssay Windshield Survey3429 Words   |  14 PagesWindshield Survey Data Collection Grid and Paper Carletta Pope and Terra Wheeler HCS/457 July 25, 2010 Dr. Jamal, MD, MPH CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY: I certify that the attached paper is my original work and has not previously been submitted by me or anyone else for any class. I further declare I have cited all sources from which I used language, ideas, and information, whether quoted verbatim or paraphrased, and that any assistance of any kind, which I received while producing this paperRead MoreA Survey On Hamilton Windshield Survey Essay899 Words   |  4 PagesHamilton Windshield Survey Boundaries: †¢ Hamilton is part of Butler county †¢ Knightsbridge separate East and West Hamilton †¢ Nick name: Little Chicago Housing and zoning: †¢ A mix of housing age, old houses ( 40-100 years old predominant) and new housing developments †¢ Single family housing (predominant) follow by apartment complex and low-income housing (section eight) †¢ Houses very close to one another, mostly with front porches and one or none car garage, attics and small front yards. †¢ SidingRead MoreEssay on Windshield Survey1110 Words   |  5 PagesWindshield Survey of Lake Worth, Florida NUR 405 June 10, 2013 Windshield Survey of Lake Worth Florida As nurses we know medical professionals more than ever are responsible for treating large diverse populations. Understanding cultural differences in various populations is crucial to produce positive outcomes. Nurses have a major role in health care promotion. Nurses should be treating the patient as a whole in mind, body, and spirit. This should be included in community treatmentRead MoreCommunity Windshield Survey733 Words   |  3 PagesCommunity Windshield Survey Monica Feinberg Chamberlain College of Nursing Community Health Nursing NR443 Hyacinth Carreon April 28, 2013 Community Windshield Survey The community I have chosen for this paper is The South ward of Newark, New Jersey where the hospital which I work is located. Newark is an urban community consists of primarily of African American and Hispanic population. The South Ward of Newark and contains 17 public schools, five daycare centers, three branch libraries

Commentary and Projections Auditing Accountability

Question: Discuss about the Commentary and Projections Auditing Accountability. Answer: Introduction: The current assignment aims to provide an in-depth evaluation of the provided article, Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. The article focuses on positive accounting in the wider sense of a research program that intends to form causal descriptions of human behaviour in the accounting framework rather than profit after tax in accounting. In addition, the wide positivist research program has a number of deficiencies in practice. The most inherent complexities constitute of casual development of speculative models to be weathered, excessive dependence on the testing of hypotheses and lack of attention on the numerical values of the parameters. In order to evaluate the merits and demerits of positive accounting research, the researcher has evaluated the broader intellectual project with the assumptions of ontology and epistemology. In this context, Apostolou et al. (2016) remarked that critical review of positive accounting would review several loopholes, which restrict the same to make meaningful contributions to the broader research project. The assignment, thus, aims to provide a brief overview of the provided article. Moreover, the study would focus on identifying the research hypothesis along with description of its value and the method through which it has flowed from the literature review. Finally, the theoretical framework coupled with the significance and drawbacks of the article have been briefly illustrated. Summary of the article: The researcher, in the article, has attempted to investigate the positive approach associated with accounting research. As commented by Ballwieser et al. (2012), the accounting research of positive approach is linked with the broader intellectual project of scientific research, which aims to analyse the cause-effect relationships. The deficiencies in the positive accounting research have been demonstrated by selecting certain illustrative papers, which mainly include the papers from the auditing literature. It has been found that positive research is currently utilised in accounting; however, it has certain loopholes in accomplishing the scientific goal after choosing the illustrative papers to fit the purpose of this research. In addition, the description of Kuhn related to normal science suits with the positive research of accounting as well. The prospects are briefly elaborated for a Kuhnian revolution and crisis, which might accomplish positive accounting to accomplish its potent ial (Jones and Aiken 2015). The researcher has described Poppers criterion to prove that induction is not sufficient to measure the accuracy of any particular theory. In addition, the article has provided a brief review of the falsification of positive accounting theories. In order to describe the same, four classes of descriptions have been laid forward, which include error measurements, internal effects, external effects and the inefficiency of the relativity theory. Therefore, the researcher has inferred that a specific theory could not be anecdotal by observations; however, it could choose between two or more theories. In other words, the decisive observations falsify inaccurate theories; however, it is inherent only in case of support of a opposing theory. Along with this, the article has provided an in-depth dissection of the weaknesses and logic associated with the statistical hypothesis testing. However, it has been found that it has been a very dilute version of the logic of Popper. This is because every single test out of 20 could be wrongly rejected at the 5% level of significance. Moreover, the technical issue associated with hypothesis testing is the test statistic distribution falling under null hypothesis, which relies mainly on the supplementary assumptions. Furthermore, even if the technical issue could be resolved, there is high probability that hypothesis testing would fail. This is inherent when only a single alternate hypothesis is taken into account without adequate and careful specification. This is because it might be consistent with different accounting theories, which would provide different strength of association. Hence, the researcher has realised the ardent need to develop a better measurement procedure to unde rgo rigorous testing of the theoretical models prevalent in accounting. Research question/ hypothesis: The following research hypotheses have been set to examine the validity of positive accounting research: H0: There is existence of a universe, which is beyond the imagination level of an individual H1: The events in the world have reasons, which form a part of the universe themselves H2: The normal individuals could obtain highly reliable information about the global events with the help of vigilant observation H3: The intention of the intellectual property is to utilise observations for gaining a global understanding of the universe, especially causation In order to test the first hypothesis, various instances of positive research in accounting have been put forward. According to Bedford and Ziegler (2016), the operation of rational self-interest among parties interacted with implied or express contracts have resulted in theorising the phenomena of accounting. For testing the second hypothesis, the researcher has discussed scientific epistemology and ontology, which illustrates that the research of positive accounting is not identical as accounting research. In this context, Bromwich and Scapens (2016) advocated that events do not occur as random or the output of intervention from outside the universe. In order to assess the third hypothesis, the researcher has discussed falsification and hypothesis testing to determine its validity. Therefore, according to the provided theory, careful observation is required through which preliminary ideas could be developed. Accordingly, a formal theory could be developed with testable anticipations, which is consistent with the existing relevant and dependable empirical evidence (Chatfield and Vangermeersch 2014).After that, the anticipations of the new theory could be tested in contrast to new observations in circumstances, in which the old and new theories make various anticipations. Therefore, the above two steps need to be repeated. For testing the final hypothesis, the different models are tested with specific focus on measurement. In this context, Colasse and Durand (2014) stated that mental models could be used to map the causal procedures occurring in the universe. Therefore, the researcher has framed the hypotheses, which are adequately flowed in the section of literature review. Theoretical framework: The following theoretical frameworks have been used in the article to meet the objectives of the research: Instances of positive research in accounting: The operation of balanced self-interest among parties is the outcome of the accounting phenomena through implied or express contracts in various kinds of organisations. These cover the accounting choices on the part of the organisational managers, reporting and pricing decisions on the part of the auditors, the decisions of the regulators in terms of standard setting and the professional advices of academics. As stated by Crawford and Lepine (2013), it is necessary to determine the type of information, which the investor uses to make investment decisions. This deduces that the behaviour of the human beings is rational; however, not in the kind of games that happen from the theory of positive accounting (Smith 2014). In addition, after investigation of several accounting researches, the accounting settings have been evaluated in the absence of coherent behaviour, like the method through which audit professionals make judgements and the ways in which managers utilise discretion in the systems of performance evaluation. Therefore, these instances serve to demonstrate that the program of positive research is much wider compared to positive accounting theory (Deegan 2016). Therefore, any specific research that intends to gain an insight of the nature and causes of the accounting phenomena follows the scientific research of accounting. Scientific epistemology and ontology: In the words of Dyckman and Zeff (2015), epistemology is a scientific field, which aims to explain the different approaches available to gain an understanding of the world. Ontology, on the other hand, seeks to explain the activities and their association to answer the question. Firstly, the human agency and the socially developed nature of roles, associations and practices depict that the social earth does not have an objective subsistence devoid of the human beings, participants and the activities need not possess any rational reasons (Uno and Bartelmus 2013). In addition, the earth could not be observed devoid of the experiences of human beings and explanations of the participants (Gaffikin and Aitken 2014).Hence, because of such ontological and epistemological complexities, the agenda to gain an understanding of the reasons of accounting phenomena is like a futile exercise of flogging a dead horse. Therefore, the problem associated with the positive research is the exploration of experience and meaning, as it intends to explore reasons. The various research streams with diverse range of objectives could exist at the same time. Another major issue is related to that of agency. This is because if the human beings possess own will, their actions might result in causes that are not acquiescent to scientific study (Guthrie and Parker 2016). Henceforth, it is possible to describe the general behavioural trends; however, some accountants and auditors might tend to behave in a different manner. Thus, the behavioural causes would not be identified in the objective world; however, in a different place. Needs of an effective positive research program: From the provided article, it has been identified that stringent testing of the vulnerable models is needed for careful evaluation of the variable measurements. Along with this, the analytical modelling is necessary for testing and formation of the theoretical models. In order to implement analytical modelling in the positive accounting research program, the field pre-occupation is required to swing from tractability to plausibility (Henderson et al. 2015). The researcher has suggested that greater focus on measurement is required, instead of testing only. This is because in accounting, a bias related to strong publication is inherent against dimension, excluding when the same is linked with a theory. This is because the shortage of resources in accounting is inherent due to the lack of availability of adequate resources (Jones 2015). Significance and limitations of the article: After evaluation of the provided article, it has been found that the research has portrayed a broad gap between the current practices of positive accounting and the needs to make relevant contributions to the broader intellectual program. In case, there is absence of system optimisation, it is necessary to modify the same for rectifying the mistake. In addition, the article provides a rational insight of the scientific research, which is validated by the participating accounting groups. With the help of this research, it has been identified that there is need for better theoretical models, which are more reliable in nature. In addition, the article has proven that positive accounting research is a ramification of quantitative models, which are minimised to statements of the projected trend between two variables. However, the major limitation identified out from the article that this research would not contribute awareness of human behaviour in the context of accounting. This is because it lacks collection of real life data from various sources. This specific limitation has been acknowledged in the article. However, the lack of collection of secondary and primary data has hindered the quality of the research. In addition, the researcher has made inferences based on the statements of various authors regarding positive research accounting. Finally, the quantitative aspects are not provided adequate importance, which is crucial in the current era to estimate the future growth of the organisations in the long-run. Conclusions: The above assignment has aimed to evaluate the epistemology and ontology of positive accounting research to ascertain its loopholes and the methods through which such loopholes could be overcome. The researcher has recommended that certain theoretical models need to be formulated, for detailed testing of the accounting variables. Secondly, there is an increasing need for a better measurement tool to undergo rigorous testing of the theoretical models. In order to achieve the same, the concepts need to be operationalised through findings of proxies to present reliable associations. It has been determined that the behaviour of the human beings is rational; however, not in the kind of games that happen from the theory of positive accounting. However, the quantitative aspects of accounting need to be prioritised to predict the future performance of the organisations. Therefore, it could be inferred that slight modifications in positive accounting program is required to minimise the organi sational errors in terms of accounting. References: Apostolou, B., Dorminey, J. W., Hassell, J. M., and Rebele, J. E., 2016. Accounting education literature review (2015).Journal of Accounting Education,35, pp.20-55. Ballwieser, W., Bamberg, G., Beckmann, M. J., Bester, H., Blickle, M., Ewert, R., and Gaynor, M., 2012.Agency theory, information, and incentives. Springer Science Business Media. Bedford, N. M., and Ziegler, R. E., 2016. The contributions of AC Littleton to accounting thought and practice.Memorial Articles for 20th Century American Accounting Leaders,49, p.219. Bromwich, M., and Scapens, R. W., 2016. Management Accounting Research: 25 years on.Management Accounting Research,31, pp.1-9. Chatfield, M., and Vangermeersch, R., 2014.The History of Accounting (RLE Accounting): An International Encylopedia. Routledge. Colasse, B., and Durand, R., 2014. 3 French accounting theorists of the twentieth century.Twentieth Century Accounting Thinkers (RLE Accounting), p.41. Crawford, E. R., and Lepine, J. A., 2013. A configural theory of team processes: Accounting for the structure of taskwork and teamwork.Academy of Management Review,38(1), pp.32-48. Deegan, C., 2016. Twenty five years of social and environmental accounting research within Critical Perspectives of Accounting: Hits, misses and ways forward.Critical Perspectives on Accounting. Dyckman, T. R., and Zeff, S. A., 2015. Accounting Research: Past, Present, and Future.Abacus,51(4), pp.511-524. Gaffikin, M., and Aitken, M., 2014.The Development of Accounting Theory (RLE Accounting): Significant Contributors to Accounting Thought in the 20th Century. Routledge. Guthrie, J., and Parker, L. D., 2016. Whither the accounting profession, accountants and accounting researchers? Commentary and projections.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,29(1), pp.2-10. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K., and Howieson, B., 2015.Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Jones, S. (Ed.)., 2015.The routledge companion to financial accounting theory. Routledge. Jones, S., and Aiken, M., 2015. Evolution of early practice descriptive theory in accounting.The Routledge Companion to Financial Accounting Theory, p.91. Smith, M., 2014.Research methods in accounting. Sage. Uno, K., and Bartelmus, P. (Eds.)., 2013.Environmental accounting in theory and practice(Vol. 11). Springer Science Business Media.