Internet Censorship Essay Example for Free

Internet security review EssayIntroduction Censorship had always been a subject of debate among those who want media to be censored and those who feel that censorship is a violation of the let go ofdom of speech. The net profit has non escaped the issue of censorship. The internet is an in realizeation highway and no other form of media is as pervasive and far reaching. Those who favor censoring the internet feels that there should be some form of protection for minors and all people from viewing offensive materials on the internet while those who are against it believes that people should be given the right to hire what to view or not as express in the first amendment. This paper discusses the arguments for the need to censor the internet and why it should not be censored. place setting With the observed prevalence of inauspicious langu advance and obscene pictures in the internet, groups and organizations nominate called on for the censorship of the internet. The gover nments response to this call was the communication theory Decency fleck of 1996 which was passed into jurisprudence by the United States coitus the act would regulate the forms of speech in the internet (Wallace Mangan, 1996).The law was seen by pro-censorship groups as a way of minimizing wicked content in the internet which might have contributed to the moral degeneration of our society (Qazi, 1996). A year after, the Supreme Court ruled that the CDA was unconstitutional and in turn protected the first amendment (EPIC, 2002). The victory of the free speech proponents over the CDA was short lived, in 1998 the Child Online guard Act was signed into law by chairman Clinton which in essence excessivelyk after the CDA.The COPA mandated criminal penalties for commercially distributing materials harmful to minors including indecent speech (EPIC, 2004). The enactment of COPA again resulted to heated debates and protests over the unconstitutionality of the law, and the free speech protesters were not disappointed. In 2004, after a series of Supreme Court ruling against the COPA, it maintained the injunction on the enforcement of the law. Communications Decency Act of 1996 The President signed the Communications Decency Act into law in January 1996 the act criminalizes indecent speech on the internet.The act identifies that speech depicting internal organs and acts, excretory organs and acts in a simply offensive fashion under contemporary fellowship standards as indecent speech (Wallace Mangan, 1996). The dubious and vague rendering of indecorum and the standards by which a word (pure text) is judged to be obscene have made the act questionable. In fact, the CDA was met with violent reactions because it proved to be too repressing and did not account for situations wherein sexually explicit words have to be used but has scientific, literary, artistic or political values.The act also stated that indecency will be judged based on it being patently offen sive, which in practice allows a jury to judge the material as indecent based on how they feel about it, regardless of its scientific, literary or artistic value. Moreover, it also permitted the community to determine the standards by which indecency can be measured. This is unrealistic, for every community or state has its own cultural standards and asking people to use words or materials that are acceptable to each community means restricting speech to the most conservative standards.On the other hand, the Morality in Media, the subject area Law Center for Children and Families, the National Coalition for the Protection of Children and Families and the Family Research Council, who are pro-CDA argue that the CDA does not infringe upon the first amendment. The act accordingly updates and amends federal official obscenity statutes and dial-a-porn laws and that it requires adults who use patently offensive sexual expression to place blinders on their pornography.Further, they point o ut that what is indecent is well known to the general public and the mass media and that the court should re-interpret the law to be employ only to prurient pornography (McCullagh, 1996). The Supreme Court easily ruled that the CDA was unconstitutional due to the fact that the act tries to restrict content and this is in channel violation of the first amendment. Child Online Protection Act of 1998 The Child Online Protection Act is another effort to censor the content of the internet.It is different from the CDA in that it specifies that children should be protected from harmful language and materials made available in the internet. Thus violators will be subjected to steep fines and prison terms. As with the case with the CDA the COPA also is judged to be too restrictive. It mandates that all material or written text in the internet be acceptable to children, thus it would mean that the content of the internet is restrict to children only.In this respect the act states that iden tifying data should be provided by adults like credit cards to determine their age, but is also discriminatory to those adults who do not have credit cards. Thus the act again is a threat to the liberty of speech that is a fundamental and basic right to each man being. The Supreme Court also finds the act unconstitutional and even after a series of appeals and injunctions it has maintained that the act cannot be enforced into law. Meanwhile, those who endorse the COPA supply that the act is dissimilar from the CDA because it applies to commercial pornographic sites.In an attempt to refute the arguments of those against the COPA, the pro groups reiterate that it is economically and technically feasible for the identified sites to check for the age of the surfers and that defining what is harmful to minors is not vague and complicated and can easily be implemented by the states (Macavinta, 1999). They feel that the COPA is needed at this m and age because of the necessity of prote cting our children from being corrupted by harmful materials in the internet that may be a cause for abuse and developing (Macavinta, 1998).Conclusions Efforts to censor the internet have failed because as an interactive medium it is a vehicle for the expression of mans freedom of speech. Any attempt by the government to restrict it is a violation of the fundamental human rights of each individual in this democratic country. But the justification for the need of a law to protect children from pornography and violent materials in any form is undeniably valid and should be also be respected.The Supreme Court has also back up the free speech groups in their fight against censorship and is undeniably a champion of the first amendment, but it does not mean that the SC do not give due importance to childrens welfare and safety but striking a balance between the freedom of speech and censorship is a difficult interlocking to win.Bibliography Communications Decency Act (February 2, 2002) . Electronic Privacy Information Center, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http//www. epic. org/free_speech/cda/ Internet Censorship (February 1, 2002). Electronic Privacy Information Center, RetrievedApril 20, 2006 from http//www. epic. org/free_speech/censorship/ Macavinta, C. (1998). grounds filed against CDA II, CNET News. com, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http//news. com. com/ case+filed+against+CDA+II/2100-1023_3-217005. hypertext markup language? tag=st. rn Macavinta, C. (1999).DOJ to wrap up pro-COPA testimony, CNET News. com, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http//news. com. com/DOJ+to+wrap+up+pro-COPA+testimony/2100-1023_3-220574. html McCullagh, D. (1996). The CDA challenge The battle of the briefs. Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http//www. xent. com/spring96/0582. html Qazi, U. (1996).The internet censorship controversy, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http//courses. cs. vt. edu/cs3604/lib/Censorship/notes. html6 The Legal Challenge to the Child Online Protection Act (June 29, 2 004). Electronic Privacy Information Center, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http//www. epic. org/free_speech/copa/ Wallace, J. Mangan, M. (1996). The Internet Censorship FAQ, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http//www. spectacle. org/freespch/faq. htm Notes Actual Materials Cited Wallace, J. Mangan, M. (1996).The Internet Censorship FAQ, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http//www.spectacle. org/freespch/faq. htm What threats of censorship exist for the Internet? The principal threat of Internet censorship today is the Communications Decency Act, a law passed by Congress and signed by the President in January, 1996 which would apply quite radical regulations to speech on the Internet. What is the Communications Decency Act (CDA)? The CDA criminalizes indecent speech on the Internet. One section of the CDA defines indecency as speech depicting or describing sexual or excretory acts or organs in a patently offensive fashion under contemporary community standards.Each of these clausesindece nt, depicting or describing, patently offensive, and contemporary community standardshides a landmine threatening the future of freedom of speech in this country. Communications Decency Act (February 2, 2002). Electronic Privacy Information Center, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http//www. epic. org/free_speech/cda/ In a landmark decision issued on June 26,1997, the Supreme Court held that the Communications Decency Act violated the First Amendments guarantee of freedom of speech. The Legal Challenge to the Child Online Protection Act (June 29, 2004).Electronic Privacy Information Center, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http//www. epic. org/free_speech/copa/ In October 1998, Congress passed and President Clinton signed into law the Child Online Protection Act (COPA), the sequel to CDA. COPA establishes criminal penalties for any commercial distribution of material harmful to minors. McCullagh, D. (1996). The CDA challenge The battle of the briefs. Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http/ /www. xent. com/spring96/0582. html.The arguments advanced in the brief a joint venture of Morality in Media, the National Law Center for Children and Families, the Family Research Council, Enough is Enough , and the National Coalition for the Protection of Children and Families center around one concept indecency means pornography. That idea stinks like, well, a rotten egg.Their argument, which mirrors the DoJs, goes as follows 1. The CDA merely updates and amends Federal obscenity statutes and dial-a-porn laws. 2. All the CDA does is require adults who use patently offensive sexual expression to put electronic blinder racks in front of their pornography. 3. The test for indecency is not vague or overbroad and does not apply to serious works of literature, art, science, and politics. 4. What is indecent is well known to the public and the operators of mass communications media facilities. (If indecency is too vague, the CDA is unconstitutional. ) 5. The court has an obligation to interpret these sections narrowly. That is, the three-judge panel should *reinterpret* the CDA to affect only prurient pornography. Taylor calls this judicial narrowing, and when I spoke with him he insisted that it was what the court will do. Macavinta, C. (1998). Suit filed against CDA II, CNET News. com, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http//news. com. com/Suit+filed+against+CDA+II/2100-1023_3-217005. html? tag=st. rn The law simply extends into cyberspace laws that protect children from pornography off the Net, Shyla Welch, director of communication for Enough is Enough, which lobbied for the legislation, verbalize today. Macavinta, C. (1999).DOJ to wrap up pro-COPA testimony, CNET News. com, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http//news.com. com/DOJ+to+wrap+up+pro-COPA+testimony/2100-1023_3-220574. html Proponents of COPA say it is different from the CDA in that it only applies to sites selling pornography. Witnesses will register today that it is economically and technically feasible for these sites to check surfers IDs through credit cards, adult PINs, or digital signatures. Justice Department witnesses will testify that weathervane sites will not be harmed financially by the lawand that defining harmful to minors is not as complicated as the ACLU makes it out to be.After all, 48 states have harmful to minors laws on the books, they will argue. Qazi, U. (1996). The internet censorship controversy, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http//courses. cs. vt. edu/cs3604/lib/Censorship/notes. html6 Both public and private interest groups have shown great concern for the content of material available via the Internet. They are driven by deeply rooted religious and ethical beliefs. They feel that the Internet is a medium that is being abused to allow extremists, unethical, and immoral individuals to corrupt society.